Review on Shatkriyakala – A way to know and treat diseases

Ayurveda is a science of life. It is a system of traditional medicine native to Indian subcontinent but now days its knowledge is accepted worldwide. In Ayurveda prevention of all types of diseases is known as a prominent part of treatment which includes restructuring human lifestyle aligns with the course of nature. Kriyakala means the time of treatment or interception in the process of disease manifestation. These six stages mentioned by Acharya Sushruta gives an idea regarding the state of the disease in the body and it guides us when to intervene or where to inter intervene. Early diagnosis of diseases helps to cure the diseases successfully without much discomfort in planning treatment. The concept is traced in ancient Ayurvedic books. This is an objective approach of ancient scientists helping for the clinical practice. Apart from that the Kriyakala give us the knowledge of diagnosis, prognosis and the level of intervention and so that to prevent the establishment of a disease

To study the relation between spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and serum ascitis albumin gradient in chronic liver disease patients

Background: About half the patients with cirrhosis develop ascites during 10 years of observation. The present study was designed to study the relation between spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and serum ascites albumin gradient in chronic liver disease patients.Methods: This prospective observational study was done in 55 patients with chronic liver disease attending IPD of tertiary hospital. Based on investigation findings, patients were divided into two groups: Group A-Patients with sterile cirrhotic ascites, Group B- Patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Detailed history, examination and relevant investigation were done. Data was collected, recorded and statistical calculation was done using in Microsoft excel 2007.Results: Most common presenting symptoms of SBP patients were increasing ascites refractory to treatment (90%), followed by peripheral edema (80%). Jaundice and hepatic encephalopathy was found in 75% and 65% respectively. Serum and ascites albumin levels were lower in Group B (2.54±0.33 and 0.43±0.23 g/dl respectively) as compared to Group A (2.85±0.36 and 0.91±0.31 g/dl respectively) and it was statistically significant. The Mean±SD of SAAG for group A and group B was (1.94±0.36) and (2.09±0.47 g/dl) respectively. This difference was statistically not significant.Conclusions:Study conclude that the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in chronic liver disease patients with sterile ascites is directly proportional to ascitic fluid albumin and serum albumin concentration whereas occurrence of SBP is not affected by variation in SAAG ratio if it is already higher than 1.1 g/dl.

Research and Reviews: Journal of Pure and Applied Physics Converging Cylindrical Detonation Waves In An Ideal Gas With An Azimuthal Magnetic Field

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the propagation of converging cylindrical detonation waves in an ideal gas with varying initial density and varying azimuthal magnetic field. The Chester-Chisnell-Whitham (CCW) method was employed to determine the detonation front velocity and the other flow-variables just be-hind the shock in the case when (i) the gas is weakly ionized before and behind the detonation front, (ii) the gas is strongly ionized before and behind the detonation front and (iii) nonionized (or weakly ionized)gas undergoes intense ionization as a result of the passage of the detonation front. It is investigated that in case (i) an increase in the value of the strength of initial magnetic field (M −2 cj ) shows almost negligible effect on the convergence of the detonation front and the pressure behind it, while an increase in the value of ratio of specific heats of the gas (γ), increases the velocity of detonation front and the pressure behind it near the axis. A decrease in the value of index for variable density α, accelerates the convergence of front and increases pressure behind it. In the case (ii) on increasing (M −2 cj ), when α = 0, the front velocity near the axis and the pressure behind it decrease. A decrease in the value of α increases the velocity of the detonation front and the pressure behind it. An increase in the value of γ in non-magnetic case, rapidly increases the velocity of detonation front and the pressure behind it. In the case (iii), the variation of M −2 cj and α, show similar behaviour as in case (ii), but an increase in the value of γ rapidly increases the pressure behind the detonation front

Induced Size Effects Of Gd3+ ions Doping On Structural And Magnetic Properties Of Ni-Zn Ferrite Nanoparticles

Gd3+ ions substituted in Ni0.5Zn0.5GdxFe2-xO4 (where x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ferrite nanoparticles in the size range from 15 to 25 nm were prepared by chemical method. The effect of Gd3+ ions in spinel structure in correlation to structural and magnetic properties have been studied in detail using XRD, HRTEM and EPR techniques. The spin resonance confirms the ferromagnetic behaviour of these nanoparticles and higher order of dipolar-dipolar interaction. On increasing Gd3+ ions concentrations, the super exchange interaction i.e. increase in movement of electron among Gd3+ - O - Fe3+ in the core group and the spin biasing in the glass layer has been interpreted. The decrease in ‘g’ value and increase in relaxation time is well correlated with the change of particle size on different concentrations of Gd3+ ions in Ni-Zn ferrite

A Simultaneous Model for Innovative Product Category Sales Diffusion and Competitive Dynamics

Diffusion of innovation has been the focus of an entire stream of research in marketing, and firm entry and exit decisions have been investigated by marketers, strategists, and economists. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between changing demand and the entry and exit behaviors of competitors in the marketplace. Understanding this relationship is essential in making resource commitments, as profitability of options depends not only on the size and growth of the market, but also on the number of competitors likely to be encountered. This is particularly important in innovative markets, where changes occur rapidly and one cannot assume that either customer needs or competitors faced tomorrow will be the same as today. We simultaneously model demand and number of competitors, including the interactive relationship between these dynamics in the marketplace, and empirically investigate three technology-intensive markets-video cassette recorders, personal computers, and workstations. Our results suggest that competition and demand impact entry and exit, but that the nature of this impact may depend on whether or not a `shakeout' has occurred in the marketplace. Further, an increasing number of competitors may lead to improved marketplace offerings, resulting in demand expansion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

STUDY ON AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (DRY TYPE) IN CONTEXT TO PITTA VIDAGDHA DRISHTI AND ITS AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of the vision loss and blindness in people above 50 years of age. ARMD is characterised by central vision loss, distorted or blurred vision, decreased visual acuity, Central or para-central blind spot (scotoma). An almost similar clinical condition to ARMD is seen in Pitta Vidagdha Dristi. Dry ARMD is more prevalent (90%) and slower in progress than Wet ARMD. The Ayurvedic management of Pitta Vidagdha Drishti is similar to Pittaja Abhishyanda. With this background a specific line of treatment for the Pitta Vidagdha Drisht in Sushruta Samhita is adopted. In this study, total 22 patients, 12 in group A (Triphala Ghrita, Saptamrita Lauha, Rasayana Churna and Shatavari etc.) & 10 in Group B (Control) were registered. The duration of therapy was of 3 months in both the groups. Group A showed better results on ARMD when compared with that of Group B especially on perception of flashes of light (72.23%) & dim light adaptation problem (45.23%). So ARMD (Dry type) can be better managed by Ayurvedic treatment group than the Modern multivitamin group