Organizational issues: How to open up government data?

Governments create and collect enormous amounts of data, for instance concerning voting results, transport, energy, education, and employment. These datasets are often stored in an archive that is not accessible for others than the organization’s employees. To attain benefits such as transparency, engagement, and innovation, many governmental organizations are now also providing public access to this data. However, in opening up their data, these organizations face many issues, including the lack of standard procedures, the threat of privacy violations when releasing data, accidentally releasing policy-sensitive data, the risk of data misuse, challenges regarding the ownership of data and required changes at different organizational layers. These issues often hinder the easy publication of government data.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Information and Communication Technolog

Networks within the Multi-Organizational Field of Unemployment and Precarity: A Tale of Seven Cities in Europe

This chapter, using social network metrics, compare seven cities (Geneva, Karlstad, Lyon and Cologne, Kielce, Lisbon, Turin) against two opposite unemployment system ideal-typical poles represented by the inclusive and the close ones. These different unemployment policies have been matched against the relational shape of the unemployment field, shedding light on variety of actors and major network characteristics. A more inclusive unemployment approach is matched by a homogeneous multi-organizational field where a given organizational type prevails, with high levels of trust, mutual acknowledgement, self-management, and full control by actors themselves. On the contrary the more exclusive approach is characterized by a large and heterogeneous civil society, with high level of centralization and little mutual relationships among actors

The Biology of neurotrophins: cardiovascular function

This chapter addresses the role of neurotrophins in the development of the heart, blood vessels, and neural circuits that control cardiovascular function, as well as the role of neurotrophins in the mature cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system includes the heart and vasculature whose functions are tightly controlled by the nervous system. Neurons, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes are all targets for neurotrophin action during development. Neurotrophin expression continues throughout life, and several common pathologies that impact cardiovascular function involve changes in the expression or activity of neurotrophins. These include atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure. In many of these conditions, altered expression of neurotrophins and/or neurotrophin receptors has direct effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells in addition to effects on nerves that modulate vascular resistance and cardiac function. This chapter summarizes the effects of neurotrophins in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology