Assessment of physicians’ knowledge of Glasgow Coma Score

Background: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is the most commonly used tool in assessing comatose patients. It is simple, easily communicable, and useful in prognostication and determination of the treatment modality in head injury. Unfortunately, a high percentage of clinicians who are not in the emergency or neurological services are not conversant with this life‑saving tool.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of GCS among physicians practicing in a tertiary institution in South‑East Nigeria, and to evaluate the call for a new and simpler scoring system.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out using the instrument of a structured‑questionnaire in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, a federal government tertiary health institution in South‑East Zone of Nigeria, which is a 350‑bed facility employing about 550 medical doctors of different adres.Results: A total of 139 questionnaires were distributed to the doctors practicing in the institution who consented to participating in the study. The questionnaires were completed at the point of their administration and completed questionnaires were retrieved on the spot, and data were collated, and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, SPSS version 17.0. Statistical significance was calculated with the chi square, P ≤ 0.5. The modal age group was 20‑30 years 66 (48%), and most were resident doctors 99 (66.2%). One week prior to the questionnaire distribution, 56 (42.1%) had been actively involved in emergency care of patients, and 41 (30%) could not recall what GCS stood for. Medical and house officers showed a better knowledge of GCS.Conclusion: There was a poor knowledge of GCS among a good number of physicians practicing in our setting and hence, continuing medical education on GCS is strongly advocated.Key words: Head injury, inter‑rater reliability, prognostication, traum

Why do banks promise to pay par on demand?

We survey the theories of why banks promise to pay par on demand and examine evidence about the conditions under which banks have promised to pay the par value of deposits and banknotes on demand when holding only fractional reserves. The theoretical literature can be broadly divided into four strands: liquidity provision, asymmetric information, legal restrictions, and a medium of exchange. We assume that it is not zero cost to make a promise to redeem a liability at par value on demand. If so, then the conditions in the theories that result in par redemption are possible explanations of why banks promise to pay par on demand. If the explanation based on customers’ demand for liquidity is correct, payment of deposits at par will be promised when banks hold assets that are illiquid in the short run. If the asymmetric-information explanation based on the difficulty of valuing assets is correct, the marketability of banks’ assets determines whether banks promise to pay par. If the legal restrictions explanation of par redemption is correct, banks will not promise to pay par if they are not required to do so. If the transaction explanation is correct, banks will promise to pay par value only if the deposits are used in transactions. After the survey of the theoretical literature, we examine the history of banking in several countries in different eras: fourth-century Athens, medieval Italy, Japan, and free banking and money market mutual funds in the United States. We find that all of the theories can explain some of the observed banking arrangements, and none explain all of them

Fauna, Distribution, Habitat Preference and Abundance of Woodlice (Oniscidea) in Latvia

Abstract: In total, 20 woodlice species are known in the territory of Latvia. Haplophthalmus danicus is recorded for the first time. Distribution, habitat preference and abundance data of species are presented

GEJALA BERKEMIH DAN PERFORMA KERJA PADA PASIEN DENGAN BIDAI URETER MENETAP

Indwelling Ureteral stents influence on quality of life in patients. Measurement of quality of life in patients undergoing indwelling ureteher stent can be measured using a questionnaire about the quality of life.Ureteral Stents Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) was used to evaluate the quality of life for patients undergoing Indwelling Ureteral stents . USSQ revealed six quality of life of patients consisting of 38 items that examination voiding symptoms, work performance, sexual problems, overall general health and additional problems. This study aims to determine the influence of Indwelling Ureteral stents setting at the level of urinary symptoms and work performance. The research method used is analytical survey. The sampling technique with a total sampling of all hospitalized patients for Indwelling Ureteral stents began in January 2010- April 2011. Data analysis using descriptive and chi square analysis. The results showed there aret relationship micturition symptoms and work performance in patients hospitalized for Indwelling Ureteral stents . Voiding symptoms in patients hospitalized in Indwelling Ureteral stents included in the lightweight category. Work performance in patients hospitalized for Indwelling Ureteral stents included in the mediumcategory

SPU and Tent City 3 Friends

2015/03/05. Tent City 3