353 research outputs found
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations between two uniformly accelerated oscillators
We consider the quantum correlations, i.e. the entanglement, between two
systems uniformly accelerated with identical acceleration a in opposite Rindler
quadrants which have reached thermal equilibrium with the Unruh heat bath. To
this end we study an exactly soluble model consisting of two oscillators
coupled to a massless scalar field in 1+1 dimensions. We find that for some
values of the parameters the oscillators get entangled shortly after the moment
of closest approach. Because of boost invariance there are an infinite set of
pairs of positions where the oscillators are entangled. The maximal
entanglement between the oscillators is found to be approximately 1.4
entanglement bits.Comment: 11 page
Global geometry of the 2+1 rotating black hole
The generic rotating BTZ black hole, obtained by identifications in AdS3
space through a discrete subgroup of its isometry group, is investigated within
a Lie theoretical context. This space is found to admit a foliation by
two-dimensional leaves, orbits of a two-parameter subgroup of SL(2,R) and
invariant under the BTZ identification subgroup. A global expression for the
metric is derived, allowing a better understanding of the causal structure of
the black hole.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
G3-homogeneous gravitational instantons
We provide an exhaustive classification of self-dual four-dimensional
gravitational instantons foliated with three-dimensional homogeneous spaces,
i.e. homogeneous self-dual metrics on four-dimensional Euclidean spaces
admitting a Bianchi simply transitive isometry group. The classification
pattern is based on the algebra homomorphisms relating the Bianchi group and
the duality group SO(3). New and general solutions are found for Bianchi III.Comment: 24 pages, few correction
Three-dimensional black holes from deformed anti-de Sitter
We present new exact three-dimensional black-string backgrounds, which
contain both NS--NS and electromagnetic fields, and generalize the BTZ black
holes and the black string studied by Horne and Horowitz. They are obtained as
deformations of the Sl(2,R) WZW model. Black holes resulting from purely
continuous deformations possess true curvature singularities. When discrete
identifications are introduced, extra chronological singularities appear, which
under certain circumstances turn out to be naked. The backgrounds at hand
appear in the moduli space of the Sl(2,R) WZW model. Hence, they provide exact
string backgrounds and allow for a more algebraical CFT description. This makes
possible the determination of the spectrum of primaries.Comment: JHEP style, 33 pages, 1 figur
Mimimal Length Uncertainty Principle and the Transplanckian Problem of Black Hole Physics
The minimal length uncertainty principle of Kempf, Mangano and Mann (KMM), as
derived from a mutilated quantum commutator between coordinate and momentum, is
applied to describe the modes and wave packets of Hawking particles evaporated
from a black hole. The transplanckian problem is successfully confronted in
that the Hawking particle no longer hugs the horizon at arbitrarily close
distances. Rather the mode of Schwarzschild frequency deviates from
the conventional trajectory when the coordinate is given by in units of the non local distance legislated
into the uncertainty relation. Wave packets straddle the horizon and spread out
to fill the whole non local region. The charge carried by the packet (in the
sense of the amount of "stuff" carried by the Klein--Gordon field) is not
conserved in the non--local region and rapidly decreases to zero as time
decreases. Read in the forward temporal direction, the non--local region thus
is the seat of production of the Hawking particle and its partner. The KMM
model was inspired by string theory for which the mutilated commutator has been
proposed to describe an effective theory of high momentum scattering of zero
mass modes. It is here interpreted in terms of dissipation which gives rise to
the Hawking particle into a reservoir of other modes (of as yet unknown
origin). On this basis it is conjectured that the Bekenstein--Hawking entropy
finds its origin in the fluctuations of fields extending over the non local
region.Comment: 12 pages (LateX), 1 figur
Hawking Radiation Without Transplanckian Frequencies
In a recent work, Unruh showed that Hawking radiation is unaffected by a
truncation of free field theory at the Planck scale. His analysis was performed
numerically and based on a hydrodynamical model. In this work, by analytical
methods, the mathematical and physical origin of Unruh's result is revealed. An
alternative truncation scheme which may be more appropriate for black hole
physics is proposed and analyzed. In both schemes the thermal Hawking radiation
remains unaffected even though transplanckian energies no longer appear. The
universality of this result is explained by working in momentum space. In that
representation, in the presence of a horizon, the d'Alembertian equation
becomes a singular first order equation. In addition, the boundary conditions
corresponding to vacuum before the black hole formed are that the in--modes
contain positive momenta only. Both properties remain valid when the spectrum
is truncated and they suffice to obtain Hawking radiation.Comment: 27 pages, latex, includs 5 postscript figures, encoded using uufile
Novel Branches of (0,2) Theories
We show that recently proposed linear sigma models with torsion can be
obtained from unconventional branches of conventional gauge theories. This
observation puts models with log interactions on firm footing. If non-anomalous
multiplets are integrated out, the resulting low-energy theory involves log
interactions of neutral fields. For these cases, we find a sigma model geometry
which is both non-toric and includes brane sources. These are heterotic sigma
models with branes. Surprisingly, there are massive models with compact complex
non-Kahler target spaces, which include brane/anti-brane sources. The simplest
conformal models describe wrapped heterotic NS5-branes. We present examples of
both types.Comment: 36 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures; typo in Appendix fixed; references added
and additional minor change
About maximally localized states in quantum mechanics
We analyze the emergence of a minimal length for a large class of generalized
commutation relations, preserving commutation of the position operators and
translation invariance as well as rotation invariance (in dimension higher than
one). We show that the construction of the maximally localized states based on
squeezed states generally fails. Rather, one must resort to a constrained
variational principle.Comment: accepted for publication in PR
Choline transporter-like protein 4 (CTL4) links to non-neuronal acetylcholine synthesis.
Synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) by non-neuronal cells is now well established and plays diverse physiologic roles. In neurons, the Na(+) -dependent, high affinity choline transporter (CHT1) is absolutely required for ACh synthesis. In contrast, some non-neuronal cells synthesize ACh in the absence of CHT1 indicating a fundamental difference in ACh synthesis compared to neurons. The aim of this study was to identify choline transporters, other than CHT1, that play a role in non-neuronal ACh synthesis. ACh synthesis was studied in lung and colon cancer cell lines focusing on the choline transporter-like proteins, a five gene family choline-transporter like protein (CTL)1-5. Supporting a role for CTLs in choline transport in lung cancer cells, choline transport was Na(+) -independent and CTL1-5 were expressed in all cells examined. CTL1, 2, and 5 were expressed at highest levels and knockdown of CTL1, 2, and 5 decreased choline transport in H82 lung cancer cells. Knockdowns of CTL1, 2, 3, and 5 had no effect on ACh synthesis in H82 cells. In contrast, knockdown of CTL4 significantly decreased ACh secretion by both lung and colon cancer cells. Conversely, increasing expression of CTL4 increased ACh secretion. These results indicate that CTL4 mediates ACh synthesis in non-neuronal cell lines and presents a mechanism to target non-neuronal ACh synthesis without affecting neuronal ACh synthesis
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