Groundwater Contamination Susceptibility As A Function Of Soil Properties In The Brazilian Cerrado

The objective of this work was to present an index for the characterization of soil susceptibility to groundwater contamination, as well as to perform an exploratory study of the soils from the Brazilian Cerrado biome. The water retention time (RT) index was determined with mean values obtained from a filtering methodology, in databases of the following soil properties: Depth of the horizons; granulometry; organic carbon content; bulk density and particle density; and moisture content at field capacity. The water table depth was estimated using the Hand model. Spatial distributions of input data and TR index results were obtained using a geographic information system software. Soils that offer low protection to groundwater contamination by organic chemicals are located in southeast and east-central regions of the state of Mato Grosso, in the western of the state of Bahia, in the south of Goias, and in the north of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The predominant soil classes in the more susceptible areas are "Neossolos Quartzarenicos orticos" (Entisols) and "Latossolos Vermelhos distroficos" (Oxisols).5191252126

Variabilidade Espacial Do Risco De Contaminação De águas Subterrâneas Por Tebuthiuron Em área De Cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the groundwater contamination risk by tebuthiuron in a sugarcane area, through spatial modeling, in the municipality of São Manuel, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The Araquá model was used to generate specific concentration estimates, considering simulations regarding different water table depths (100 and 200 cm) and irrigation depths (0 and 2,500 mm). As the estimated concentrations of tebuthiuron did not show spatial dependence, the thematic maps of risk of groundwater contamination were obtained through the method of interpolation by the inverse distance. Considering all the simulations, it can be concluded that there would be no groundwater contamination by tebuthiuron at the two depths of the water table, with or without irrigation. The interpolation of the estimated concentrations of tebuthiuron in groundwater provides the spatialization and a quick view of the areas with higher contamination risk.51121992199

Avaliação de parâmetros para o monitoramento da interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura de soja (Glycine max L.)

O presente estudo visa fornecer subsídios para o processo de tomada de decisão de controle das plantas daninhas baseado em nível de dano na produtividade de culturas agrícolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar o aproveitamento de parâmetros das plantas e daninhas e das plantas de soja no monitoramento da interferência das plantas daninhas, foi realizado, em Botucatu (SP), um experimento sob condições de campo, com delineamento em blocos casualizados. A cultura foi mantida na presença ou ausência da comunidade vegetal infestante por diferentes períodos . O monitoramento da interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura da soja pode se dar através do acúmulo total de matéria seca da comunidade vegetal infestante e dos seguintes parâmetros de crescimento das plantas de soja: número de folhas trifolioladas, área da lâmina foliar, acúmulo de matéria seca de folhas e total. O acúmulo de matéria seca de cada espécie de planta daninha isoladamente, não foi parâmetros eficiente para determinar-se interferência (competição) na cultura da soja.This research aims to subsidize decision making for weed control based on crop yield threshold. Field experiment was conducted in Botucatu (São Paulo, Brazil), with the objective of evaluating the utilization of soybean and weed parameters for monitoring weed interference on soybean yield. The experiment was delineated in a randomized block design. The crop was kept weedy or weed-free for different periods. Total weed dry matter and soybean parameters, such as number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry matter and total dry matter, can be used for monitoring weed interference on soybean yield. Dry matter of each species separately, had no importance as a competitive element