Diversity and nitrogen fixation efficiency of rhizobia isolated from nodules of Centrolobium paraense

The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize rhizobia from nodules of Centrolobium paraense and to evaluate their symbiotic efficiency. Soil samples collected from four sites of the Roraima Cerrado, Brazil, were used to cultivate C. paraense in order to obtain nodules. Isolates (178) were obtained from 334 nodules after cultivation on medium 79. Twenty-five isolates belonging to six morphological groups were authenticated using Vigna unguiculata and they were characterized by 16S rRNA. Isolates identified as Bradyrhizobium were further characterized using rpoB gene sequencing. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with C. paraense to test the 18 authenticated isolates. Approximately 90% of the isolates grew slowly in medium 79. The 16S rRNA analysis showed that 14 authenticated isolates belong to the genus Bradyrhizobium, and rpoB indicated they constitute different groups compared to previously described species. Only four of the 11 fast-growing isolates nodulated V. unguiculata, two of which belong to Rhizobium, and two to Pleomorphomonas, which was not previously reported as a nodulating genus. The Bradyrhizobium isolates ERR 326, ERR 399, and ERR 435 had the highest symbiotic efficiency on C. paraense and showed a contribution similar to the nitrogen treatment. Centrolobium paraense is able to nodulate with different rhizobium species, some of which have not yet been described

Doses e formas de aplicação de nitrogênio no desenvolvimento e produção da cultura do trigo

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses e formas de aplicação de nitrogênio sobre o desempenho e produção de duas cultivares de trigo. O experimento, conduzido em Viçosa-MG, de maio a setembro de 2005, foi instalado segundo um esquema fatorial 2x2x5 no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados consistiram da combinação das cultivares de trigo, BRS 210 e Pioneiro, duas formas de aplicação de adubo nitrogenado (dose total aplicada por ocasião da semeadura ou 20 kg ha-1 na semeadura e o restante em cobertura no início da fase de perfilhamento) e cinco doses de nitrogênio (40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 kg ha-1) tendo como fonte o sulfato de amônio. A cultivar Pioneiro apresentou maior potencial produtivo que a cultivar BRS 210, mas foi menos resistente ao acamamento. O parcelamento da adubação nitrogenada proporcionou maior acamamento e não trouxe benefícios à produtividade dos grãos. As doses de N promoveram resposta quadrática da produtividade dos grãos, com ponto de máxima estimado na dose de 96,8 kg ha-1 e, aumento linear do acamamento de plantas da cultivar Pioneiro.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of doses and methods of nitrogen application on the development and yield of two wheat cultivars. The experiment was conducted in Viçosa-MG, from May to September 2005, and it was arranged in a 2x2x5 factorial, randomized block design with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of the combination of the two wheat cultivars, BRS 210 and Pioneiro, two nitrogen application methods (total dose applied at seed sowing or 20 kg ha-1 at sowing and the remaining as topdressing in the beginning of tillage) and five N doses (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg ha-1) with ammonium sulfate as N source. Cultivar Pioneiro showed higher yield potential than cultivar BRS 210, but it was less resistance to lodging. Splitting nitrogen fertilization increased lodging and brought no benefit to grain yield. Grain yield response to N doses was quadratic, reaching maximum at 96.8 kg ha-1, and linear increase in lodging of cultivar Pioneiro plants