Third European evidence-based consensus on diagnosis and management of ulcerative colitis. Part 2: Current management

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Association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among 70-year-old Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the SONIC study

Abstract Background An increasing number of studies in Western countries have shown that healthy dietary patterns may have a protective effect against cognitive decline and dementia. However, information on this relationship among non-Western populations with different cultural settings is extremely limited. We aim to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function among older Japanese people. Methods This cross-sectional study included 635 community-dwelling people aged 69–71 years who participated in the prospective cohort study titled Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC). Diet was assessed over a one-month period with a validated, brief-type, self-administered diet history questionnaire. Dietary patterns from thirty-three predefined food groups [energy-adjusted food (g/d)] were extracted by factor analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J). Multivariate regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function. Results Three dietary patterns were identified: the ‘Plant foods and fish’, ‘Rice and miso soup’, and ‘Animal food’ patterns. The ‘Plant foods and fish’ pattern, characterized by high intakes of green and other vegetables, soy products, seaweeds, mushrooms, potatoes, fruit, fish, and green tea, was significantly associated with a higher MoCA-J score [MoCA-J score per one-quartile increase in dietary pattern: β = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.33, 0.79), P for trend <0.001]. This association was still evident after adjustment for potential confounding factors [β = 0.41 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.65), P for trend <0.001]. In contrast, neither the ‘Rice and miso soup’ nor the ‘Animal food’ pattern was related to cognitive function. To confirm the possibility of reverse causation we also conducted a sensitivity analysis excluding 186 subjects who reported substantial changes in their diet for any reason, but the results did not change materially. Conclusion This preliminary cross-sectional study suggests that a diet with high intakes of vegetables, soy products, fruit, and fish may have a beneficial effect on cognitive function in older Japanese people. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding

Multidimensional insights about healthy aging from the cohort study for community-dwelling older adults: The SONIC study.

The Septuagenarian, Octogenarian, Nonagenarian Investigation with Centenarian (SONIC) study was established considering population trends and targeting the oldest-old population. This study is unique in its narrow age range, consisting of individuals aged in their 70s, 80s and 90s, and is carried out as a longitudinal cohort study with follow ups every 3 years in urban and rural areas of eastern and western Japan. The aims of the SONIC study are primarily to clarify aging-related changes in multiple domains of human functioning, explore the dynamics of interactions among these domains and identify factors influencing healthy longevity, including psychological well-being. Investigations spanning medical, dental, nutritional, psychological and sociological fields were carried out by specialists, yielding important results. Findings from the SONIC study in Japan, a super-aged society, will provide valuable information for addressing the global aging trend. This review introduces the results from the SONIC study, and explains factors contributing to healthy longevity and happy aging. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 346-355

Association between dietary patterns and cognitive function among 70-year-old Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the SONIC study

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