74 research outputs found
PASSIVE AND IONTOPHORETIC PERMEATION OF CAPTOPRIL GEL: AN IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDY
The Objective of this work was to formulate and evaluate captopril gel to assess its suitability for transdermal delivery by passive and iontophoresis. A polymer gel was prepared using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and in vitro skin permeability was assessed in full thickness skin of rabbits and pigs. For in vivo studies New Zealand rabbits were used. In vitro passive permeation was carried out in Franz diffusion cell but for iontophoresis, diffusion cell was modified according to Glikfield design. Iontophoresis was performed at a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2via silver /silver chloride electrodes with passive controls but for in vivo study current density wasreduced to 0.1 mA/cm2. Blood samples were analyzed for drug content by HPLC. Results of the in vitro study indicated that iontophoresis considerably increased the permeation rate of captopril compared to passive controls in both the skin types (P<0.01). The plasma concentration of captopril was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that obtained in the passive controls. Results showed that the target permeation rates for captopril could be achieved with the aid of iontophoresis by increasing the area in an appreciable range.Key words: Captopril, iontophoresis, transdermal, Rabbit, Pigskin, in vitro, in vivo
Transdermal Delivery of Antihypertensive Agents: A tabular update
Transdermal Drug Delivery System is viable drug delivery platform technology and has a strong market world wide. Transdermal Drug Delivery System is particularly desirable for drugs that need prolonged administration at controlled plasma level that basis make appropriateness to antihypertensive agents for their transdermal development. Controlled zero order absorption, easily termination of drug delivery, easy to administration also support for popularity of transdermal delivery. This paper reviews the work on transdermal studies of antihypertensive agents in the tabular form.Keywords: Transdermal, Antihypertensive agents
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF LECTINIZED CISPLATIN BEARING LIPOSOMES SYSTEM
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent and mechanism anti-cancer drug-loaded liposomes using wheat germ agglutinin as a guiding molecule.
Methods: For the drug-loaded liposome synthesis, the thin film hydration method was used and the drug cisplatin was loaded during the synthesis and followed by the surface modification using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. The developed system was confirmed based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size (PS) analyzer, polydispersity index and Zeta Potential analyzer.
Results: The results showed the surface modified by liposomes had the particle size 200±5 nm. The wheat germ agglutinin coated on the surface to liposome led to a reduction in zeta potential and drug entrapment efficiency while particle size increased. Plain liposomes containing cisplatin had less effect than WGA modified liposome on MCF-7 cell lines.
Conclusion: The MTT studies indicated that the drug molecules were initially get delivered to the inside the cell. This formulation offered new simple approach and effectively kill the cells via targeting the nucleus
Advances in Natural Polymeric Nanoparticles for the Drug Delivery
Natural and biodegradable polymers have been the key area for utilizing their advantages which make them a possible option for development of various drug delivery systems. The complexity of diseases and the intrinsic drug toxicity and side effects has led to an interest for development and optimization of drug delivery systems. The advancements in nanotechnology have favored the development of novel formulations which can modulate the biopharmaceutical properties of bioactives and thus improves the pharmacological and therapeutic action. The shape, size, and charge nanoscale delivery system, such as nanoparticles (NPs) are required to be investigated and changed in order to promote and optimize the formulations. The various natural polymeric NPs (PNPs) have been found to be key tool to enhance bioavailability or specific delivery to certain site of action. In this chapter, the uses of various polymeric materials for the development of NPs as drug delivery systems for various ailments have been described. The entrapment of bioactive compounds in PNPs systems is a hopeful move toward improvement of efficacy of drug toward the treatments of various diseases
Endoscopic neck surgery
Endoscopic surgery in the neck was attempted in 1996 for performing
parathyroidectomy. A similar surgical technique was used for performing
thyroidectomy the following year. Most commonly reported endoscopic
neck surgery studies in literature have been on thyroid and parathyroid
glands. The approaches are divided into two types i.e., the total
endoscopic approach using CO2 insufflation and the video-assisted
approach without CO2 insufflation. The latter approach has been
reported more often. The surgical access (port placements) may vary-the
common sites are the neck, anterior chest wall, axilla, and periareolar
region. The limiting factors are the size of the gland and malignancy.
Few reports are available on endoscopic resection for early thyroid
malignancy and cervical lymph node dissection. Endoscopic neck surgery
has primarily evolved due to its cosmetic benefits and it has proved to
be safe and feasible in suitable patients with thyroid and parathyroid
pathologies. Application of this technique for approaching other
cervical organs such as the submandibular gland and carotid artery are
still in the early experimental phase
Correlation analysis of reactivity in the oxidation of substituted benzyl alcohols by morpholinium chlorochromate
669-676Oxidation of benzyl alcohol and some ortho-, meta- and para-monosubstituted derivatives by morpholinium chlorochromate in dimethyl sulphoxide leads to the formation of corresponding benzaldehydes. The reaction is first order each in both morpholinium chlorochromate and the alcohol. The reaction is promoted by hydrogen ions; the hydrogen-ion dependence has the form kobs= a + b [H⁺]. Oxidation of ⍺,⍺-dideuteriobenzyl alcohol exhibits a substantial primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 5.86 at 298 K). The reaction has been studied in nineteen organic solvents and the effect of solvent analysed using Taft's and Swain's multi-parametric equations. The rates of oxidation of para- and meta-substituted benzyl alcohols have been correlated in terms of Charton’s triparametric LDR equation whereas the oxidation of ortho-substituted benzyl alcohols with tetraperametric LDRS equation. The oxidation of para-substituted benzyl alcohols is more susceptible to the delocalization effect than that of ortho- and meta- substituted compounds, which display a greater dependence on the field effect. The positive value of η suggests the presence of an electron-deficient reaction centre in the rate-determining step. The reaction is subjected to steric acceleration by the ortho-substituents. A suitable mechanism is also proposed
A correlative cross sectional study on Manas Prakriti and psychological parameters among young females
Background: Several scientific studies have documented the relationship among personality types, psychological traits and disorders. Manasika Prakṛiti, described in Ayurveda, is based on the three qualities of mind i.e Satva, Raja and Tama which determine the three Manasika Prakṛiti, namely, Satvika, Rajasika, and Tamasika . Among these, Satvika individuals are less prone for psychological disorders than Tamasika and Rajasika type. Few studies have been conducted on relationship of psychological parameters and Manas Prakriti, Thus it requires a large sample survey specifically in Indian population to make conclusive statements. Aim and Objective: To find an association between Manasika Prakriti and Psychological parameter i.e Stress, depression and anxiety among healthy females. Methods: A total 450 healthy females (180 Satvika, 145 Rajasika and 125 Tamasika Prakriti) were selected from different department of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Assessment of Manasika Prakriti was done by using Manas Prakriti assessment inventory(MPAI) developed by Aftab A et.,al, 2018 and psychological parameters i.e stress, depression and anxiety were assessed by using Stress Scale, Beck depressions inventory II(BDI II) and Sinha’s anxiety scale. Result: Significant difference was found in between Manasika Prakriti and Psychological parameters i.e. stress, depression and anxiety at the faculty level(p<0.001). In all the faculty Satvika Prakriti females having very low level of stress and anxiety(63.4%, 34.4%) and minimal level of depression(76.6%) while few Rajasika Prakriti females having mild level of depression(47.6%) and severe level of anxiety(53.8%).Tamasika Prakriti females were having higher chances of severe level of stress, depression and anxiety as compared to other Prakriti
A Study of Relationship between Arterial Blood Pressure and Mid Arm Circumference in Young Adults
The present study was done to find out the correlation between mid-arm circumference (MAC)and blood pressure, {systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP); pulse pressure(PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)} values. There is paucity of information on the variation in blood pressure and pulse rate parameters of normal individuals. The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between MAC and BP. The study was conducted in 184 healthy young adults. There were 119 male and 65 female participants. In view of gender differences in autonomic regulation, data of male and female subjects were analyzed separately. We used analysis of variance to compare differences between Mean± SD, maximum, minimum values and correlations of MAC and blood pressure values. Conclusion: The Mean±SD of blood pressure values were higher in those subjects who had high mid arm circumference and least in those subjects who had lower mid arm circumference. A p value *0.05 and * 0.01 were considered statistically significant for both male as well as in female subjects. There was significant spearman`s correlation between MAC and BP in both male as well as in female subjects
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