Construction and Measure of the Evaluation Index System of Regional Soft Power - Taking Shandong Province as an Example

Based on the concept and connotation of regional soft power, combined with the actual situation of the economic and social development in Shandong Province, this paper builds a strong operational regional soft power rating index system. Using the data of the Statistical Yearbook of the 17 cities in Shandong Province in 2008, z-score standardized methods and factor analysis and so on, finally the paper have a comprehensive evaluation and analysis about the status quo of regional soft power of the 17 cities in Shandong Province.Key words: Regional soft power; Evaluation index system; Factor analysi

Insights into Antimony Adsorption on {001} TiO₂: XAFS and DFT Study

Antimony (Sb) contamination poses an emerging environmental risk, whereas its removal remains a contemporary challenge due to the lack of knowledge in its surface chemistry and efficient adsorbent. In this study, self-assembly {001} TiO₂ was examined for its effectiveness in Sb removal, and the molecular level surface chemistry was studied with X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The kinetics results show that Sb adsorption followed the pseudo-second order reaction, and the Langmuir adsorption capacity was 200 mg/g for Sb­(III) and 156 mg/g for Sb­(V). The PZC of TiO₂, which was 6.6 prior to the adsorption experiment, shifted to 4.8 and <0 after adsorption of Sb­(III) and Sb­(V), respectively, indicating the formation of negatively charged inner-sphere complexes. EXAFS results suggest that Sb­(III/V) adsorption exhibited a bidentate binuclear surface complex. The orbital hybridizing of complexes was studied by XANES, molecular orbital theory (MO), and density of states (DOS) calculations. The change in orbital energy derived from orbital hybridizing of adsorbed Sb on surfaces is the driving force underlining the Sb surface chemistry. New bonds between Sb and TiO₂ surface were formed with matched orbital energies. Integrating the molecular and electronic structures into surface complexation modeling reveals the nature of macroscopic Sb adsorption behaviors

Incorporation of Cadmium and Nickel into Ferrite Spinel Solid Solution: X‑ray Diffraction and X‑ray Absorption Fine Structure Analyses

The feasibility of incorporating Cd and Ni in hematite was studied by investigating the interaction mechanism for the formation of Cd_<i>x</i>Ni_1–<i>x</i>Fe₂O₄ solid solutions (CNFs) from CdO, NiO, and α-Fe₂O₃. X-ray diffraction results showed that the CNFs crystallized into spinel structures with increasing lattice parameters as the Cd content in the precursors was increased. Cd²⁺ ions were found to occupy the tetrahedral sites, as evidenced by Rietveld refinement and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analyses. The incorporation of Cd and Ni into ferrite spinel solid solution strongly relied on the processing parameters. The incorporation of Cd and Ni into the CNFs was greater at high <i>x</i> values (0.7 < <i>x</i> ≤ 1.0) than at low <i>x</i> values (0.0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.7). A feasible treatment technique based on the investigated mechanism of CNF formation was developed, involving thermal treatment of waste sludge containing Cd and Ni. Both of these metals in the waste sludge were successfully incorporated into a ferrite spinel solid solution, and the concentrations of leached Cd and Ni from this solid solution were substantially reduced, stabilizing at low levels. This research offers a highly promising approach for treating the Cd and Ni content frequently encountered in electronic waste and its treatment residues