Municipal Wastewater Recycling In Cotton Textile Wet Processing - A Review

The global water crisis is emerging as one of the most seri¬ous natural resource issues facing the world today. For the water consuming in¬dustry, water is no longer regarded as a consumable or utility but as a highly valuable asset. Water is a vital element used in close conjunction with the production processes. Water is a high value resource and it is directly related to economy as well. Due to scarcity of water, the recy¬cling of wastewater is becoming the necessity. Water recycling is important from economical and sustainable point of view, but it must be realized in a proper way while improving product quality and process stability at the same time. The textile industry is the biggest water con¬suming sector. Therefore use of treated municipal wastewater in textile wet processing and implementing water conservation techniques in production process of fabric are important to overcome the scarcity of water. Many researchers, scientist and scholars dedicated their knowledge in several aspects of wastewater recycling and reuse in different sectors of textiles. Review carried out here covers research work done by distinguished investigators from all over the world. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15032

Edible bio-based nanostructures: delivery, absorption and potential toxicity

The development of bio-based nanostructures as nanocarriers of bioactive compounds to specific body sites has been presented as a hot topic in food, pharmaceutical and nanotechnology fields. Food and pharmaceutical industries seek to explore the huge potential of these nanostructures, once they can be entirely composed of biocompatible and non-toxic materials. At the same time, they allow the incorporation of lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactive compounds protecting them against degradation, maintaining its active and functional performance. Nevertheless, the physicochemical properties of such structures (e.g., size and charge) could change significantly their behavior in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The main challenges in the development of these nanostructures are the proper characterization and understanding of the processes occurring at their surface, when in contact with living systems. This is crucial to understand their delivery and absorption behavior as well as to recognize potential toxicological effects. This review will provide an insight into the recent innovations and challenges in the field of delivery via GI tract using bio-based nanostructures. Also, an overview of the approaches followed to ensure an effective deliver (e.g., avoiding physiological barriers) and to enhance stability and absorptive intestinal uptake of bioactive compounds will be provided. Information about nanostructures potential toxicity and a concise description of the in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies will also be given.Joana T. Martins, Oscar L. Ramos, Ana C. Pinheiro, Ana I. Bourbon, Helder D. Silva and Miguel A. Cerqueira (SFRH/BPD/89992/2012, SFRH/BPD/80766/2011, SFRH/BPD/101181/2014, SFRH/BD/73178/2010, SFRH/BD/81288/2011, and SFRH/BPD/72753/2010, respectively) are the recipients of a fellowship from the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT, POPH-QREN and FSE, Portugal). The authors thank the FCT Strategic Project PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013 and the project "BioInd-Biotechnology and Bioengineering for improved Industrial and Agro-Food processes," REF.NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000028, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2-O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER. We also thank to the European Commission: BIOCAPS (316265, FP7/REGPOT-2012-2013.1) and Xunta de Galicia: Agrupamento INBIOMED (2012/273) and Grupo con potencial de crecimiento. The support of EU Cost Action FA1001 is gratefully acknowledged

WATER CONSERVATION IN SUGAR INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF LOKMANGAL SUGAR, ETHANOL AND CO-GENERATION INDUSTRIES LTD, BHANDARKAVATHE

Sugar manufacturing process requires considerably a large amount of water. Wastewater generated also is huge. Reducing the water consumption for industrial process is challenging task. Conservation of this resource is significant in the aspect of environmental and economical sustainability.Water conservation is possible by implementing the optimum water utilization techniques. Excess condensate water generated from the process can used back in the process, reducing the cold water required for the cooling & other purpose. This excess condensate water can also be used for Turbine cooling towers as make up. A Case Study of Lokmangal SugarEthanol andCo-Generation Industries Ltd, Bhandarkavathe reveals that the excesscondensate water available during the process of sugar manufacturing is equivalent to 216.36 m3/day and it showsthat judiciaous use of water and application of 3 R concept in sugar industry,insteadof bringing water from outside source water will be available from industry

STRENGTH AND VOLUME REDUCTION OF WASTEWATER IN SUGAR INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF VITTHALRAO SHINDE SAHAKARI SAKHAR KARKHANA LTD., PIMPELNER

 Water plays a most valuable and important role in the natural cycles of various ecosystems Out of available water on earth, only 3% is fresh water available. In the available fresh water sources, entries of pollutants have been significantly increased from industries and domestic/anthropogenic activities. In case of sugar industry, wastewater is generated at various levels of unit operations and conservation of water and minimisation of wastewater is significant aspect of environmental and economical sustainability of sugar industry. This paper has proved that by adopting the technique of 4-R i.e. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery concept at Vitthalrao Shinde Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (VSSSKL), Pimpelner, Dist: Solapur, Maharashtra the wastewater strength and volume reduction is possible

Strength and Volume Reduction of Wastewater in Sugar Industry: a Case Study of Vitthalrao Shinde Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd., Pimpelner

 Water plays a most valuable and important role in the natural cycles of various ecosystems Out of available water on earth, only 3% is fresh water available. In the available fresh water sources, entries of pollutants have been significantly increased from industries and domestic/anthropogenic activities. In case of sugar industry, wastewater is generated at various levels of unit operations and conservation of water and minimisation of wastewater is significant aspect of environmental and economical sustainability of sugar industry. This paper has proved that by adopting the technique of 4-R i.e. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recovery concept at Vitthalrao Shinde Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. (VSSSKL), Pimpelner, Dist: Solapur, Maharashtra the wastewater strength and volume reduction is possible