Risk Factor Profiles of Adverse Neuromotor Outcome in Infants

ObjectiveAssessment of risk predictors for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age in term and near-term infants.Material & MethodsThis case-control study was a representative sample of infants from different health-care centers of north and east of Tehran. The association betweenrisk factors and delayed motor development (developmental quotient below 70 indicating a significant delay) was analyzed using correlating risk factors;including the perinatal and neonatal data to the developmental status. The case group consisted of 143 infants whose DQ score was less than 70 and thecontrol group consisted of 140 infants who had a DQ score of more than 70.ResultsNeonatal seizures, Apgar score less than 3 after 5 minutes of birth (OR = 2.87 [95% CI; 1.68, 4.92]), low birth weight (OR = 5.86 [95% CI; 3.07, 11.18]), preterm delivery (OR =6.17 [95% CI; 3.04, 12.52]), Premature rupture of membranes (PROM)>24 hours (OR = 6.18[95% CI; 2.07, 18.51]) and hyperbilirubinemia leading to phototherapy or exchange transfusion (OR =3.75 [95% CI; 2.12, 6.65]) were associated with an increased risk for neuromotor delay on developmental examination at 1 year.ConclusionThis study identified distinct risk factors for an adverse outcome in infants. In this environment, perinatal risk predictors are most important

Effects of Developmental Care on Neurodevelopment of Preterm Infants

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study protocol is to systematically review the literature to examine the effects of developmental care on preterm infants’ neurodevelopment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: We will retrieve the studies through searching the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus.We will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with randomization at either an individual or cluster level. Our primary outcome will be the effect of developmental care in NICU neonates on their mental and motor development. The secondary outcome will be weight gain in NICU and hospital stay length. The assessment tool of development should be The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, in any of the first, second and third edition.  This study will employ Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to identify relevant articles and report the screening process. The agreement between two experts in developmental neonatology will be reached in all selecting studies. Two reviewers will be achieved data extraction and then they will be compared. Any discrepancies between the extracted data will be discussed to reach a consensus. The extracted data will be imported to Review Manager 5.3 by one reviewer. Two reviewers will independently evaluate the risk of bias for all included studies using the Cochrane Collaborations’ tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials.We will conduct a meta-analysis for assessing the possible quantitative impact of developmental interventions on interested primary and secondary outcomes. We will use random effect if the I-square statistics is equal or more than 75%, and fixed effect otherwise. Publication bias will be assessed using Egger’s test and illustration with the funnel plot. We will estimate the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval through Metan command in STATA 14. The method provided by the Cochrane hand book, will be used in this statistical analysis. The significance level for assessing these analyses will be 0.05. Discussion: According to the findings of this systematic review, by abstracting the results and presenting the conclusions, improvements in interventional decisions can be improved, and results of this systematic review will highlight which clinical practice could possibly be optimized to improve outcome and specifically neurodevelopment in this vulnerable population

Scale Development and Psychometrics for Parents’ Satisfaction with Developmental Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

How to Cite This Article: Rafiey H, Soleimani F, Torkzahrani Sh, Salavati M, NASIRI M. Scale Development and Psychometrics for Parents’Satisfaction with Developmental Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Iran J Child Neurol. Autumn 2016; 10(4):16-24.AbstractObjectiveDevelopmental care comprises a wide range of medical and nursing interventions used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to mitigate and reduce stressors affecting preterm or ill neonates. Because patient satisfaction survey is a valuable quality improvement tool, we aimed to develop and test the psychometric properties of a tool for measuring parent satisfaction of developmental care in the NICU. Materials &MethodsIn this psychometric methodological study, the item pool and initial questionnaire were designed based on a comprehensive literature review and exploring NICU parent satisfaction questionnaires. The validity of the designed questionnaire was determined using face, content (qualitative and quantitative), and construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis was performed using responses from 400 parents of infants hospitalized in the NICUs of 34 hospitals in 2015 in Tehran, Iran. The reliability of the questionnaire was identified using Cronbach’s alpha and stability measures. ResultsThe initial questionnaire was designed with 72 items in five domains. After testing the face validity, 3 items were omitted. The results of validity testing were acceptable. The exploratory factor analysis was performed on 69 items, and 5 factors (care and treatment with 20 items, information with 15 items, hospital facilities with 9 items, parental education with 7 items, and parental participation with 8 items) were extracted. The reliability was supported by high internal consistency (α = 0.92). ConclusionThis questionnaire could be valid and reliable tool for measuring parents’ satisfaction. References1. Prakash B. Patient satisfaction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2010;3(3):151-5.2. Ware JE, Snyder MK, Wright WR, Davies AR. Defining and measuring patient satisfaction with medical care. Eval Program Plann 1983;6(3):247-63.3. Miles MS, Burchinal P, Holditch-Davis D, Brunssen S, Wilson SM. Perceptions of stress, worry, and support in Black and White mothers of hospitalized, medically fragile infants.J Pediatr Nurs 2002;17(2):82-8.4. Pinelli J. Effects of family coping and resources on family adjustment and parental stress in the acute phase of the NICU experience. Neonatal Netw 2000;19(6):27-37.5. Butt ML, McGrath JM, Samra HA, Gupta R. An integrative review of parent satisfaction with care provided in the neonatal intensive care unit. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2013;42(1):105-20.6. Wielenga JM, Smit BJ, Unk LK. How satisfied are parents supported by nurses with the NIDCAP® model of care for their preterm infant? J Nurs Care Qual 2006;21(1):41-8.7. Gay G, Franck LS. Toward a standard of care for parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Crit Care Nurse 1998;18(5):62.8. McGrath JM, Samra HA, Kenner C. Family-centered developmental care practices and research: what will the next century bring? J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2011;25(2):165-70.9. Sizun J, Westrup B. Early developmental care for preterm neonates: a call for more research. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2004;89(5):F384-F8.10. Lucas N. Developmental care in the neonatal unit. Sri Lanka J Child Health 2015;44(1):45-52.11. Lester BM, Miller RJ, Hawes K, Salisbury A, Bigsby R, Sullivan MC, et al. Infant neurobehavioral development. Semin Perinatol 2011;35(1):8-19.12. Als H. A synactive model of neonatal behavioral organization: framework for the assessment of neurobehavioral development in the premature infant and for support of infants and parents in the neonatal intensive care environment. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 1986;6(3-4):3-53.13. Altimier L, Phillips RM. The Neonatal Integrative Developmental Care Model: Seven Neuroprotective Core Measures for Family-Centered Developmental Care. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev 2013;13(1):9-22.14. Ramachandran S, Dutta S. Early developmental care interventions of preterm very low birth weight infants. Indian Pediatri 2013;50(8):765-70.15. Voos KC, Park N. Implementing an Open Unit Policy in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Nurses’ and Parents’ Perceptions. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2014;28(4):313-8.16. Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, Goulet C, Bell L, McNaughton K, et al. Kangaroo mother care diminishes pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial. BMC Pediatr 2008;8(1):13.17. Blackington SM, McLauchlan T. Continuous quality improvement in the neonatal intensive care unit: evaluating parent satisfaction. J Nurs Care Qual 1995;9(4):78-85.18. Conner JM, Nelson EC. Neonatal intensive care: satisfaction measured from a parent’s perspective. Pediatrics 1999;103(Supplement E1):336-49.19. Salehi Z, Mokhtari Nouri J, Khademolhoseyni SM, Ebadi A. Designing and determining psychometric characteristics of satisfaction measurement questionnaire of the parents’ infants, hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Iran J Crit Care Nurs 2014;7(3):176-83.20. Latour JM, Duivenvoorden HJ, Tibboe D, Hazelzet Jan A. The shortened Empowerment of Parents in The Intensive Care 30 questionnaire adequately measured parent satisfaction in pediatric intensive care units. J Clin Epidemiol 2013;9(66):1045–1050.21. Hajizadeh E, & Asghari, M. Statistical Methods and Analyses in Health and Biosciences, A Research Methodological Approch. Tehran: University Jahad Publishing Corrporation; 2012.22. Carolyn Feher Waltz OLS, Elizabeth R. Lenz,. Measurement in Nursing and Health Research. Fourth ed. USA: Springer Publishing Company, LLC; 2010.23. Hyrkäs K, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Oksa L. Validating an instrument for clinical supervision using an expert panel. Int J Nurs Stud 2003;40(6):619-25.24. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health 2007;30(4):459-67.25. Lawshe CH. A quantitative approach to content validity1. Personnel Psychol 1975;28(4):563-75.26. Rattray J, Jones MC. Essential elements of questionnaire design and development. J Clin Nurs 2007;16(2):234- 43.27. Munro BH. Statistical methods for health care research: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.28. DeVellis RF. Scale Development Theory and Applications. 2nd ed: Sage Publications, Inc,Thous and Oaks.; 2003.29. Pascoe GC. Patient satisfaction in primary health care: a literature review and analysis. Eval Program Plann 1983;6(3):185-210.30. Ahmad I, Nawaz A, Khan S, Khan H, Rashid MA, Khan MH. Predictors of patient satisfaction. Gomal J Med Sci 2012;9(2).31. Marley KA, Collier DA, Meyer Goldstein S. The role of clinical and process quality in achieving patient satisfaction in hospitals. Decision Sci 2004;35(3):349- 69.32. Urden LD. Patient satisfaction measurement: current issues and implications. Prof Case Manag 2002;7(5):194- 200.33. Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Bruster S, Richards N, Chandola T. Patients’ experiences and satisfaction with health care: results of a questionnaire study of specific aspects of care. Qual Saf Health Care 2002;11(4):335-9.34. Al-Abri R, Al-Balushi A. Patient satisfaction survey as a tool towards quality improvement. Oman Med J 2014;29(1):3-7.35. Hagen IH, Vadset TB, Barstad J, Svindseth MF. Development and validation of Neonatal Satisfaction Survey–NSS-13. Scand J Caring Sci 2015;29(2):395- 406.36. Saad Andaleeb S. Determinants of customer satisfaction with hospitals: a managerial model. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 1998;11(6):181-7.37. Dunn MS, Reilly MC, Johnston AM, Hoopes RD, Abraham MR. Development and dissemination of potentially better practices for the provision of family centered care in neonatology: the family-centered care map. Pediatrics 2006;118(Supplement 2):S95-S107.38. Streiner DL, Saigal S, Burrows E, Stoskopf B, Rosenbaum P. Attitudes of parents and health care professionals toward active treatment of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics 2001;108(1):152-7.39. Bracht M, O’Leary L, Lee SK, O’Brien K. Implementing family-integrated care in the NICU: a parent education and support program. Adv Neonatal Care 2013;13(2):115-26.40. Sweeney JK, Heriza CB, Blanchard Y, Dusing SC. Neonatal physical therapy. Part II: Practice frameworks and evidence-based practice guidelines. Pediatr Phys Ther 2010;22(1):2-16.

Assessment of care offered to the healthy newborn in the natural normal vaginal delivery and the cesarean section

Background and aims: Care services to infants in the length of primary time after birth has much effect on the health and decrease of their mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to assess the care provided to the healthy newborn in the normal vaginal delivery (NVD) and the cesarean section (CS) in the hospitals affiliated with Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This descriptive study has been performed upon 282 healthy term infants (104 CS and 178 NVD cases) through direct observation and using the health care evaluation checklists. Data were analyzed using , SPSS software and t-test and Mann- Whitney tests. Results: The average of total health infant services among all of the samples was 58/3% and the percentage of agreement with standard of healthy infants care was more in NVD than CS labor (P=0.011). The emergency acts to retrieve and supporting services to feed infants with mothers’ milk in the CS group were more than NVD infants, but these infants received poor care in the area of primary procedures and assessment, and procedures to contact to mothers and infant. Also, the length of skin contact time between infants and their mothers after delivery and initiating to feed infants with mothers’ milk in the primary time in the CS group was lower than NVD infants(P=0.000). Conclusion: Assessment of care services to healthy infants in hospitals under study had average quality and its quality was even lower in CS labors than NVD labors. Therefore, it can be performed more procedures to promote quality of care services to infants by health approaches in mothers education to develop NVD and reduce active CS

How are Gross Motor Functions, Manual Abilities, and Cognitive Functions related to the Quality of Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy?

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type of permanent movement and postural disorder in children leading to contractures, deformities, and activity limitations. Quality of life is considered as an outcome variable to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for children with CP. In this study, we aimed to examine how the quality of life is related to gross motor functions, manual abilities, and cognitive functions in children with CP. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study on 200 children with CP aged 4-12 years selected through non-probability sampling. Quality of life, gross motor ability, hand function, and cognitive level were assessed using Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire (CPQOL), Gross Motor Function Classification System scale (GMFCS), Manual abilities Classification System Scales (MACS) and SPARCLE (Study of Participation of Children with Cerebral Palsy Living in Europe) scale. Results: The results demonstrated that the CPQOL subscales was significantly correlated with the gross motor functioning (reference: GMFCS level one, p 70, p <0.05). Conclusions: A poor performance child with CP has the potential to report poor QOL and it seems that a child with high level of performance has the potential to report better QOL. This needs more evidence for elaboration

Nourodevelopmental follow-up in high-risk infants: Review article

Growing and developing are influenced by genetic, social and environmental factors and it's most important and initial phase step is formed of the early life of the fetus and infant. According to the world health organization, the incidence of preterm birth and low birth weight are increasing in most countries that most of it related to developing countries. Low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth are one the most important causes of death in the world and therefore are considered as one of the major health problems that can affect growing and developing so that it can threaten public health. Advances in medical technology in recent decades at intensive care unit, increased survival of premature infants and high-risk specialist care is needed, but failed, to reduce the complications of premature birth but it couldn’t reduce complications of preterm birth. There is also an increased recognition of the potential disconnect between perinatal outcomes and long-term outcomes. The administration of oxygen and postnatal steroids are prime examples of interventions that may have immediate positive effects but negative long-term effects. Many premature babies will be encounter with mobility problems, cognitive, neurosensory impairments, cerebral palsy, cognitive and language delays, neuromotor developmental delay, blindness and hearing loss, behavioral and psychosocial disorders, learning difficulties and dysfunction in scholastic performances in the future. These disadvantages appear to persist into adulthood and therefore have broad implications for society. Without a doubt, one of the tragedies of the world is people with physical or mental damage caused by premature birth, many of these disorders are not early diagnosed and the prediction of long term complications of infants discharged from the NICU is difficult. Although nourodevelopmental follow-up of these babies is a necessary part of the neonatal assessment but there is no standard process for it. The present review article aims to introduce the care process and tools that is used for following-up these babies, also introduces the application of screening tools for neuro-developmental care

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children

How to Cite This Article: Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Kazemnejad A, Akbar Fahimi N, Nobakht Z, Rassafiani M. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life Questionnaire for Children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2015 Winter;9(1):76-86. AbstractObjectiveCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of chronic disability that restricts participation in daily life for children. Thereby, it is comprised of quality of life. Quality of life (QOL) measures have been a vital part of health outcome appraisals for individuals with CP and to obtain empirical evidence for the effectiveness of a range of interventions. The CP QOL-Child is a condition-specific QOL questionnaire designed for children with CP to assess well-being rather than ill-being.Materials &amp; MethodsForward and backward translations of the CP QOL-Child were performed for: (1) the primary caregiver form (for parents of children with CP aged 4–12 years); and (2) the child self-report form (for children with cerebral palsy aged 9–12 years). Psychometric properties assessment included reliability, internal consistency, and item discrimination, construct validity with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) was done. SPSS was used to analyze the results of this study.ResultsA sample of 200 primary caregivers forchildren with CP (mean = 7.7 years) and 40 children (mean = 10.2 years) completed. Internal consistency ranged from 0.61–0.87 for the primary caregivers form, and 0.64–0.86 for the child self-report form. Reliability ranged from 0.47–0.84. Item discrimination analysis revealed that a majority of the items (80%) have high discriminating power. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a distinguishable domain structure as in the original English version. Moderate associations were found between lower QOL and more severe motor disability(GMFCS; r = .18–.32; p &lt; .05 and MACS; r= .13 - .40; p &lt; .05). The highest correlation between the primary caregiver and child forms on QOL was in the domain of functioning and consistent with the English version.ConclusionContent validity, item discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability of the Persian version of the CP QOL- Child were all acceptable. Further study of concurrent validity of this version is needed.  References Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum PL, Leviton A, Paneth N, Dan B et al. Executive Committee for the Definition of Cerebral Palsy. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47:571–576.Rosenbaum, P, Paneth, N, Leviton A, Goldstein M, Bax M, DamianoD, et al. A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007, 49, 8–14.Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe. Surveillance of cerebral palsy in Europe: A collaboration of cerebral palsy surveys and registers. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42, 816–824.Liptak GS, O’Donnell M, Conaway M, Chumlea WC, Wolrey G, Henderson RC, et al. Health status of children with moderate to severe cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43, 364–370.Maher CA, Olds T, Williams MT, Lane AE.Self-reported quality of life in adolescents with cerebral palsy.Physical &amp; Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics 2008; 28, 41–57.Pirpiris M, Gates PE, McCarthy JJ, D’Astous J, Tylkowksi C, Sanders JO, et al. Function and well-being in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics 2006; 26, 119–124.Vargus-Adams J. Health-related quality of life in childhood cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2005; 86, 940–945.Varni JW, Burwinkle TM, Sherman SA, Hanna K, Berrin SJ, Malcarne VL, et al. Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: Hearing the voices of the children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005; 47, 592–597.Bjornson KF, McLaughlin JF.The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children with cerebral palsy.European Journal of Neurology 2001; 8(Suppl. 5), 183–193.Waters E, Maher E, Salmon L, Reddihough D, Boyd R. Development of a condition-specific measure of quality of life for children with cerebral palsy: Empirical thematic data reported by parents and children. Child: Care, Health, and Deve 2005; 31, 127–135.Waters E, Davis E, Mackinnon A, Boyd R, Graham HK, Kai Lo S, et al. Psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire for children with CP. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49, 49–55.Wang HY, Cheng CC, Hung JW, Ju YH, Lin JH, Lo SK. Validating the Cerebral Palsy Quality of Life for Children (CP QOL-Child) questionnaire for use in Chinese. populations. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 2010; 20, 883–898.Mutch L, Alberman E, Hagberg B, Kodama K, PeratMV. Cerebral palsy epidemiology: Where are we now and where are we going? Dev Med Child Neurol 1992; 34: 547–51.Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. (eds) Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. London: Mac Keith. 2000.Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev. Med. Child Neurol 1997; 39: 214–23.Wood E, Rosenbaum P. The Gross Motor Function Classification System for cerebral palsy: A study of reliability and stability overtime. Dev Med Child Neurol 2000; 42: 292–6.Sanger TD, Delgado MR, Gaebler-Spira D, Hallett M, Mink JW. Classification and definition of disorders causing hypertonia in childhood. Pediatrics 2003; 111: e89–97.Sanger TD. Pathophysiology of pediatric movement disorders.J. Child Neurol 2003; 18: S9–24.Delgado M, Albright A. Movement disorders in children: Definitions, classifications and grading systems. J Child Neurol 2003; 18: S1–8.Palisano R, Rosenbaum P, Walter S, Russell D, Wood E, Galuppi B. Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 1997; 39:214-223.Riahi A, Rassafiani M, Binesh M. The Cross-Cultural Validation and Test-Retest and Inter-Rater Reliability of the Persian Translation of Parent Version of the Gross Motor Function Classification System for Children with Cerebral Palsy. J of Rehab 2013; 13(5), 25-30.Morris C, Galuppi BE, Rosenbaum P. Reliability of family report for the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 2004; 46:455-460.Riyahi A, Rassafiani M, AkbarFahimi N, Sahaf R, Yazdani F. Cross cultural validation of the Persian version of the Manual Ability Classification System for children with cerebral palsy. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2013; 20(1), 19-24.The International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. http://www.iqola.org.Stanley F, Blair E, Alberman E. (2000) Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No. 151. London: Mac Keith Press.World Health Organization (1993). Measuring Quality of Life: The development of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL).Geneva: Division of Mental Health, World Health Organization.Davis E, Waters E, Mackinnon A, Reddihough D, Graham HK, Mehmet-Radji O, Boyd R. (2006) Paediatric quality of life instruments: a review of the impact of the conceptual framework on outcomes. Dev Med Child Neurol 48: 311–318.Schneider JW, Gurucharri LM, Gutierrez AL, et al. Health-related quality of life and functional outcome measures for children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2001; 43(9):601-8.Majnemer A, Shevell M, Hall N, et al. Developmental and functional abilities in children with cerebral palsy as related to pattern and level of motor function. J Child Neurol 2010; 25(10):1236-41.Davis E, Shelly A, Waters E, Boyd R, Cook K, Davern M, &amp;Reddihough D. The impact of caring for a child with cerebral palsy: Quality of life for mothers and fathers. Child: Care, Health and Dev 2010; 36, 63–73.Liu WY, Hou YJ, Wong AM, Lin PS, Lin YH, Chen CL. Relationships between gross motor functions and health-related quality of life of Taiwanese children with cerebral palsy. AJPM&amp;R 2009; 88, 473–483.Eiser C, Morse R. Can parents rate their child’s health related quality of life? Results of a systematic review. Qual Life Res 2001; 10: 347–357.Massaro M, Pastore S, Ventura A, Barbi E. Pain in cognitively impaired children: a focus for general pediatricians. Eur J Pediatr 2013; 172(1):9-14Elbasan B, Duzgun I, Oskay D. Is There any Difference in Health Related Quality of Life, Self Care and Social Function in Children with Different Disabilities Living in Turkey? Iran J Pediatr 2013; 23, 281-288.

The Effects of Vestibular Stimulations on Neurodevelopment, Growth and Vital Signs of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Background: The purpose of the present study was to systematically review all published studies investigating the effects of only vestibular interventions on neurodevelopment, growth and vital signs in preterm infants (PIs).Method: PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were searched to find relevant studies published from 1980 and June 2022. In addition, reference lists of the articles were also checked.Results: Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Fifteen of these articles reported studies conducted on stable preterm infants and five on unstable ones. Waterbed, rocking, hammock, air mattress and Vestibu_Guide stimulations were applied in eight, four, six, one, and one study, respectively. Twelve studies evaluated neurobehavioral development, five studies assessed neuromotor development, five studies evaluated the growth and fifteen studies assessed the vital signs in preterm infants using vestibular stimulations.Conclusions: The results indicate that vestibular stimulations may improve neurodevelopment, growth and vital signs in premature infants, but there are still some disagreements among researchers, and further research is recommended

Predictors of interest in performing activities among Iranian adolescents with cerebral palsy

Objectives: Generally, adolescents who are interested in performing activities experience positive emotions and report high levels of well-being. However, adolescents with Cerebral Palsy (CP) encounter various issues affecting their interests. The present research was planned to investigate the predictor factors that affect the interest in performing activities in Iranian adolescents with CP. Methods: In total, 312 adolescents with CP (10-19-year-olds, Mean±SD age: 14.08±2.34 y) participated in this cross-sectional study. Their gross motor function was assessed by the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and their manual ability was evaluated by the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) in random order by an occupational therapist. All study participants also completed the Adolescent Interest Inventory-Cerebral Palsy (AII-CP). The predictive model was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model by the enter method. Results: The multiple linear regression analysis data presented that the highest independence in motor performance, personal values, social environment support, and age appeared to be the strongest predictors of interest in performing activities in the explored adolescents with CP (R2: 0.475). Discussion: Interest as a significant factor for participation and motivation in conducting daily living activities is associated with the highest independence in motor performance, personal values, social environment support, and the age of adolescents with CP

A Psychometric Study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in Persian Language Children

How to Cite This Article: Azari. N, Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Shahshahani S, Karimi H, Kraskian A, Shahrokhi A, Teymouri R, Gharib M. A Psychometric Study of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in Persian Language Children. Iran J Child Neurol. Winter 2017; 11(1):50-56.AbstractObjectiveBayley Scales of infant &amp; toddler development is a well-known diagnostic developmental assessment tool for children aged 1–42 months. Our aim was investigating the validity &amp; reliability of this scale in Persian speaking children.Materials &amp; MethodsThe method was descriptive-analytic. Translation- back translation and cultural adaptation was done. Content &amp; face validity of translated scale was determined by experts’ opinions. Overall, 403 children aged 1 to 42 months were recruited from health centers of Tehran, Iran during years of 2013- 2014 for developmental assessment in cognitive, communicative (receptive &amp; expressive) and motor (fine &amp; gross) domains. Reliability of scale was calculated through three methods; internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, test-retest and interrater methods. Construct validity was calculated using factor analysis and comparison of the mean scores methods.ResultsCultural and linguistic changes were made in items of all domains especially on communication subscale. Content and face validity of the test were approved by experts’ opinions. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was above 0.74 in all domains.Pearson correlation coefficient in various domains, were ≥ 0.982 in test retest method, and ≥0.993 in inter-rater method. Construct validity of the test was approved by factor analysis. Moreover, the mean scores for the different age groups were compared and statistically significant differences were observed between mean scores of different age groups, that confirms validity of the test.ConclusionThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development is a valid and reliable tool for child developmental assessment in Persian language children.References1. Boyle CA, Boulet S, Schieve LA, Cohen RA, Blumberg SJ, Yeargin-Allsopp M, et al. Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics 2011:peds. 2010-989.2. Sajedi F, Doulabi MA, Vameghi R, Baghban AA, Mazaheri MA, Mahmodi Z, et al. Development of Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Glob J Health Sci 2015 Dec 18;8(8):51251.3. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Biglarian A, Rahgozar M. Prevalence of motor developmental disorders in children in Alborz Province, Iran in 2010. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2014 Dec 25;16(12):e16711.4. Soleimani F, Vameghi R, Biglarian A. 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