Alterações no SNC e morfometria cerebelar de bovinos intoxicados experimentalmente por Solanum paniculatum

Algumas espécies de Solanum causam intoxicações em ruminantes caracterizadas clinicamente por desordens cerebelares e microscopicamente como doença do depósito lisossomal. Não há lesões de necropsia específicas e microscopicamente ocorrem vacuolização e perda de neurônios de Purkinje. Por ser Solanum paniculatum a espécie de ocorrência na região Nordeste, sendo responsável pelos surtos de intoxicação espontânea descrito no Estado de Pernambuco foi realizado um delineamento experimental para caracterizar o quadro clínico-patológico da intoxicação. Foram usados cinco bovinos, sendo quatro no grupo experimental (GE) e um animal no controle (GC), de seis meses de idade, sem raça definida, com peso de 120 Kg, mantidos em baias durante cinco meses na Clínica de Bovinos de Garanhuns/UFRPE. Os animais receberam a planta, colhida nas propriedades em que ocorreram os surtos naturais, na dosagem de 5g/kg/PV/dia da planta dessecada misturada na ração por ingestão natural. Semanalmente realizou-se o Head Raising Test para determinar os sinais cerebelares e quando positivo os animais foram submetidos à colheita de sangue e do líquido céfalo-raquidiano e em seguida foi feito à eutanásia. O SNC e a rete mirabile foram fixados em formol a 10% tamponado, processados rotineiramente e corados pela hematoxilina e eosina para avaliação histopatológica. Foi realizada análise morfométrica das lesões cerebelares. Para avaliação dos resultados laboratoriais utilizou-se análise descritiva e em relação à morfometria, empregou-se o teste T de Student (p<0.05) na contagem de células de Purkinje e para a espessura da camada molecular do cerebelo o teste de Mann Whitney, com nível de 5% de significância. Três animais apresentaram sinais de intoxicação com tempo em média de 90 dias e um com 155 dias. Os sinais clínicos observados foram ataques convulsivos transitórios, e distúrbios do equilíbrio. Na necropsia não foram encontradas lesões específicas da intoxicação. Não houve alterações no hemograma e no líquido céfalo-raquidiano causado pela planta. No histopatológico havia principalmente vacuolização fina do pericário e perda de células de Purkinje, com degeneração Walleriana e esferóides axonais na camada granular e na substância branca medular, com proliferação dos astrócitos de Bergman. Vacuolização e necrose neuronal também foram observadas no óbex, pedúnculos cerebelares e colículos rostral e caudal e raramente no tálamo, núcleos da base, hipocampo e medula oblonga. Na análise morfométrica não houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre o número de células de Purkinje e a espessura da camada molecular entre o GE e GC, demonstrando que apesar dos bovinos desenvolverem quadro clínico da intoxicação e alterações histopatológicas acentuadas, mas nestas condições experimentais não ocorreram alteração morfométricas significativas em relação ao GC. Sugerindo que há necessidade de um tempo de administração maior da planta para o aparecimento de lesões mais acentuadas como as que ocorrem em casos naturais. Os resultados laboratoriais de sangue e do líquido céfalo-raquidiano não refletem alterações relacionadas à intoxicação pela planta

Iandumoema uai, a new genus and species of troglobitic harvestman from Brazil (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

A new genus and species of harvestman, landumoema uai, is described based on material from Gruta Olhos d'Água, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Its troglomorphisms include depigmentation on body, legs and eyes. It is the third troglobitic species of harvestman recorded from Brazilian caves and the second in the family Gonyleptidae

Umbelliferone Induces Changes In The Structure And Pharmacological Activities Of Bn Iv, A Phospholipase A2 Isoform Isolated From Bothrops Neuwiedi

In this paper was demonstrated that umbelliferone induces changes in structure and pharmacological activities of Bn IV, a lysine 49 secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) from Bothrops neuwiedi. Incubation of Bn IV with umbelliferone virtually abolished platelet aggregation, edema, and myotoxicity induced by native Bn IV. The amino acid sequence of Bn IV showed high sequence similarities with other Lys49 sPLA2s from B. jararacussu (BthTx-I), B. pirajai (PrTx-I), and B. neuwiedi pauloensis (Bn SP6 and Bn SP7). This sPLA2 also has a highly conserved C-terminal amino acid sequence, which has been shown as important for the pharmacological activities of Lys49 sPLA2. Sequencing of Bn IV previously treated with umbelliferone revealed modification of S(1) and S(20). Fluorescent spectral analysis and circular dichroism (CD) studies showed that umbelliferone modified the secondary structure of this protein. Moreover, the pharmacological activity of Bn IV is driven by synergism of the C-terminal region with the α-helix motifs, which are involved in substrate binding of the Asp49 and Lys49 residues of sPLA2 and have a direct effect on the Ca2+-independent membrane damage of some secretory snake venom PLA2. For Bn IV, these interactions are potentially important for triggering the pharmacological activity of this sPLA2. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.576851860Chan, A.C., Pritchard, E.T., Gerrard, J.M., Man, R.Y., Choy, P.C., Biphasic modulation of platelet phospholipase A2 activity and platelet aggregation by mepacrine (quinacrine) (1982) Biochim. Biophys. 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Description of the male of Daguerreia inermis Soares & Soares, with biological notes on population size in the Gruta da Lancinha, Paraná, Brazil (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae)

The male of Daguerreia inermis Soares & Soares, 1947, a troglophilic harvestman, is described. Distribution records are given for caves of the Speleological Province of Vale do Ribeira and two non carbonatic areas (Telêmaco Borba and Arapoti, Paraná), in southeastern Brazil. The population of the Gruta da Lancinha (Paraná, Brazil) was studied from October 1988 to February 1989. The population size was estimated, by Fisher Ford\u27s method, between 158-610 individuals. The sex ratio observed was 1:1

Esterilização em gatas mediante salpingectomia parcial (incluindo prenhes) versus ovariossalpingohisterectomia Sterilization in queens by partial salpingectomy (including pregnant) versus ovariohysterectomy

A ligadura ou laqueadura das tubas uterinas é uma forma de contracepção bastante utilizada na medicina humana. Ela consiste na oclusão mecânica e/ou ressecção parcial desta estrutura (salpingectomia parcial). Nesta pesquisa, procurou-se utilizar uma técnica de contracepção definitiva em gatas prenhes, que não comprometesse a gestação em curso, o parto, nem os conceptos, tendo em vista a frequência da visualização de útero gravídico nas campanhas de castração. Avaliou-se também o ganho de peso e mudanças de comportamento das gatas submetidas à salpingectomia parcial, comparando-as com as submetidas à ovariossalpingohisterectomia (OSH), além de comparar o tempo cirúrgico entre os dois procedimentos. Para tal, foram utilizadas 40 gatas, distribuídas em dois grupos de 20 animais, GA: salpingectomia parcial, e GB: OSH; sendo o primeiro subdividido em GA1 contendo 10 gatas prenhes e GA2 contendo 10 não prenhes. Todos os animais foram reavaliados com sete, 60, 180 e 365 dias. O tempo cirúrgico apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos, sendo o GB mais demorado. Nas gatas do grupo GA1, o curso gestacional e o parto foram normais. No total, foram visualizadas 51 vesículas embrionárias, nasceram 49 fetos vivos e ocorreram duas reabsorções fetais. Dentre os 49 fetos, sete (14,28%) apresentaram a anormalidade genu recurvatum. Quanto à fertilidade, os animais do grupo A que ciclaram e copularam não engravidaram. Apenas o grupo B apresentou aumento de peso médio (20,34%) estatisticamente significativo. Com relação aos parâmetros comportamentais, o grupo B apresentou maiores alterações quanto ao aumento na ingestão de alimentos, aumento da letargia e diminuição do período de vigília. Concluiu-se que a técnica de salpingectomia parcial realizada em gatas é um método contraceptivo 100% eficaz, de rápida execução, que pode ser empregado durante a identificação transcirúrgica do estado de prenhez, com mínimo efeito prejudicial aos conceptos e sem alterações significativas de conduta e ganho de peso, mas com características indesejáveis quanto à aceitação dos proprietários.<br>The tubal occlusion is a form of contraception used in human medicine, which consists of mechanical occlusion and / or partial resection of this structure (partial salpingectomy). In this study, we tried to use a technique for definitive contraception in pregnant queens, that would not compromise the current pregnancy, the birth of kittens, and the concepts, considering the frequency of the visualization of gravid uterus in castration campaigns. Another objective was evaluate weight gain and changes in behavior of queens submitted to partial salpingectomy, comparing them with those submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OSH), and to compare the time between both surgical procedures. Were used 40 queens, divided into two groups of 20 animals, GA: Partial salpingectomy, and GB: OSH. The group GA, was divided in GA1, containing 10 queens pregnant and GA2 containing 10 non-pregnant. All animals were assessed with seven, 60, 180 and 365 days. The surgical times showed statistically significant difference between the groups, with GB slower. The gestacional course and birth of kittens were normal in queens of group GA1. A total of 51 embryonic vesicles were visualized, 49 born live fetuses, and occurring two fetals resorptions. Among the 49 fetuses, seven (14.28%) presented genu recurvatum. With respect to fertility, the animals in group A that cycled and mated, did not get pregnant. Only the Group B showed average weight increase (20.34%) statistically significant. Regarding the behavioral parameters, the group B showed increase in food intake, increase of the lethargy, and decreased in waking period. It is concluded that the technique of partial salpingectomy performed in queens is a 100% effective contraceptive method of rapid execution, which can be employed during the transoperative identification of pregnancy, with minimal adverse effects on fetuses, no significant changes of behavior neither weight gain, but with undesirable characteristics on the acceptance of owners

Revisão de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nível de gêneros na Região Neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae) Revision of Anyphaeninae Bertkau at genera level in the Neotropical Region (Araneae, Anyphaenidae)

<abstract language="eng">The subfamily Anyphaeninae is revised at genera level in the Neotropical region. Anyphaeninae is diagnosed by the tracheal spiracle approximately in the midway of venter or between the midway of venter and the epigastric groove; retromargin of chelicerae with more than four denticles; and male palp with tegulum basket-like or cup-like, without the basal lightly sclerotized area. The subfamily contais 32 genera, 14 of which are new: Aljassa (type species Teudis annulipes Caporiacco), Buckupiella (type species B. imperatriz sp.n., from Brazil and Argentina), Hatitia (type species H.yhuaia sp.n., from Peru) Iguarima (type species Anyphaena censoria Keyserling), Ilocomba (type species I. marta sp.n., from Colombia), Italaman (type species I. santamarina sp.n., from Brazil, Colombia and Argentine), Jessica (type species Osoriella osoriana Mello-Leitão), Katissa (type from Jamaica), Otoniela (type species O. adisi sp.n., from Brazil), Pippuhana (type species P. gandu sp.n., from Brazil), Timbuka (type species T. boquete sp.n., from Costa Rica, Panamá and Colômbia), Umuara (type species Clubiona fasciata Blackwall), Xiruana (type species Aysha gracilipes Keyserling). Other new species and the male of Bromelina zuniala are described: Iguarima pichinha and Lepajan edwardsi from Ecuador; Temnida rosário, Umuara pydanieli and U. juquia from Brazil; Umuara junin, Hatitia conchaque from Peru; Ilcomba perija from Colombia. Twelve new synonyms are presenteei: Wuljilopsis keyserlingi soares & Camargo witn W. tenuips (Keyserling); Teudis foliatus Schmidt with Patrera ruber (F.O.P. - Cambridge); Teudis moreirae Mello-Leitão with Teudis angusticeps (Keyserling); Anyphaena rufibarbis Mello-Leitão with Jessica osoriana (Mello-Leitão); Aysha cinereoviítata Mello-Leitão with Iguarima censoria (Keyserling); Teudis bucolicus Chickering with Katissa simplicipalpis (Simon); Gayenna minutissima Petrunkevitch with Lupetíiana mordax (O.P.-Cambridge); Teudis adfabilis (Keyserling) and Teudis leucochlorus Mello-Leitão with Umuara fasciata (Blackwall); Aysha fulviceps Keyserling with Xiruana gracilipes (Keyserling); Aysha mandibularis (Keyserling) with Aljassa subpallida (L. Koch). Seventy new combinations are presented: Wulfilopsis frenata (Keyserling); W. pygmaea (Keyserling); W. tenuipes (Keyserling); W. tripunctata (Mello-Leitão); Patrera apora (Chamberlin); P.armata (Chickering); P.auricoma (L. Koch); P. cita (Keyserling); P. lauta (Chickering); P. longipes (Keyserling); P. procera (Keyserling); P. puta (O.P.-Cambridge); P. ruber (F.O.P.-Cambridge); P. stylifer (F.O.P.-Cambridge); P. virgata (Keyserling); Teudis bicornutus (Tullgren); T. buelowae (Mello-Leitão); T. comstocki (Soares & Camargo); T. morenus (Mello-Leitão); Jessica campesina (Bauab-Vianna); J. glabra (Keyserling); J. goodnight (Soares & Camargo); J. osoriana (Mello-Leitão); J. erythrostoma (Mello- Leitão); J. rubricephala (Mello-Leitão); Iguarima censoria (Keyserling); Katissa delicatula (Banks); K. elegans (Banks); K. lycosoides (Chickering); K. simplicipalpis (Simon); K. zimarae (Reimoser); Otoniella quadrivittata (Simon); Lupettiana mordax (O.P.-Cambridge); L. parvula (Banks); L. perpusilla (Banks); L. spinosa (Bryant); Timbuka bogotensis (L. Koch); T. granadensis (Keyserling); T. larvata (O.P.-Cambridge), T. masseneti (Berland); T.meridiana (L. Koch); Tafana quelchii (pocock); T. silhavyi (Caporiacco); T. straminea (L. Koch); Umuara fascia J(Blackwall); Aysha basilisca (Mello-Leitâo); A. diversicolor (Keyserling); A. heraldica (Mello-Leitão); A. gentilis (Keyserling); A. helvola (Keyserling); A. robusta (Keyserling); A. rubro- maculata (Keyserling); A. striolata (Keyserling); A. subruba (Keyserling); Xiruana affinis (Mello-Leitão); X. gracilipes (Keyserling); X. hirsuta (Mello-Leitão); X. tetraseta (Mello-Leitão); Aljassa annulipes (Caporiacco); A. notata (Keyserling); A. poicila (Chamberlin); A. subpallida(L. Koch); A. venezuelica (Caporiacco); Pippuhana calcar (Bryant); H. donaldi (Chickering); P. unicolor (Keyserling); Hatitia defolonguei (Berland); H. riveti (Berland); H. sericea (L. Koch). Two spedes are revalidated: Sillus dubius (Chickering) and Hatitia defolongli (Berland). Lectotypes and paralectotypes are here designated for eigth species: Anyphaena censoria Keyserling, 1891; A. adfabilis Keyserling, 1891. A simplicipalpis Simon, 1897; Aysha septena Franganillo, 1935; A. cinereovittata Mello-Leitão, 1945; Osoriella osoriana Mello-Leitão, 1922; Teudis sordidus Mello-Leitão, 1941 e Temnida simplex Simon, 1896. A key to 32 genera of Anyphaeninae are provided. Diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations are provided for the genera and species included in this work