15 research outputs found
Reducing the time-lag between onset of chest pain and seeking professional medical help: a theory-based review
Background: Research suggests that there are a number of factors which can be associated with delay in a patient
seeking professional help following chest pain, including demographic and social factors. These factors may have
an adverse impact on the efficacy of interventions which to date have had limited success in improving patient
action times. Theory-based methods of review are becoming increasingly recognised as important additions to
conventional systematic review methods. They can be useful to gain additional insights into the characteristics of
effective interventions by uncovering complex underlying mechanisms.
Methods: This paper describes the further analysis of research papers identified in a conventional systematic review of published evidence. The aim of this work was to investigate the theoretical frameworks underpinning studies
exploring the issue of why people having a heart attack delay seeking professional medical help. The study used
standard review methods to identify papers meeting the inclusion criterion, and carried out a synthesis of data
relating to theoretical underpinnings.
Results: Thirty six papers from the 53 in the original systematic review referred to a particular theoretical
perspective, or contained data which related to theoretical assumptions. The most frequently mentioned theory
was the self-regulatory model of illness behaviour. Papers reported the potential significance of aspects of this
model including different coping mechanisms, strategies of denial and varying models of treatment seeking.
Studies also drew attention to the potential role of belief systems, applied elements of attachment theory, and
referred to models of maintaining integrity, ways of knowing, and the influence of gender.
Conclusions: The review highlights the need to examine an individual’s subjective experience of and response to
health threats, and confirms the gap between knowledge and changed behaviour. Interventions face key challenges if they are to influence patient perceptions regarding seriousness of symptoms; varying processes of coping; and obstacles created by patient perceptions of their role and responsibilities. A theoretical approach to review of these papers provides additional insight into the assumptions underpinning interventions, and illuminates factors which may impact on their efficacy. The method thus offers a useful supplement to conventional systematic review methods
Effect of pedaling cadence on muscle oxygenation during high-intensity cycling until exhaustion: a comparison between untrained subjects and triathletes
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the muscle oxygenation between trained and untrained subjects during heavy exercise until exhaustion at two extreme pedaling cadences using a NIRS system.
Methods: Nine untrained male subjects and nine male competitive triathletes cycled until exhaustion at an intensity corresponding to 90 % of the power output achieved at peak oxygen uptake at 40 and 100 rpm. Gas exchanges were measured breath-by-breath during each exercise. Muscle (de) oxygenation was monitored continuously by near-infrared spectroscopy on the Vastus Lateralis.
Results: Muscle deoxygenation (Delta deoxy[Hb + Mb], i.e., O-2 extraction) and Delta total[Hb + Mb] were significantly higher at 40 rpm compared to 100 rpm during the exercise in untrained subjects but not in triathletes (p < 0.05). The time performed until exhaustion was significantly higher at 40 than at 100 rpm in untrained subjects (373 +/- 55 vs. 234 +/- 37 s, respectively) but not in triathletes (339 +/- 69 vs. 325 +/- 66 s).
Conclusions: These results indicate that high aerobic fitness (1) allows for better regulation between (V) over dotO(2M) and (Q) over dot O-2M following the change in pedaling cadence, and (2) is the most important factor in the relationship between pedaling cadence and performance