766 research outputs found
Quantum Coherence, Coherent Information and Information Gain in Quantum Measurement
A measurement is deemed successful, if one can maximize the information gain
by the measurement apparatus. Here, we ask if quantum coherence of the system
imposes a limitation on the information gain during quantum measurement. First,
we argue that the information gain in a quantum measurement is nothing but the
coherent information or the distinct quantum information that one can send from
the system to apparatus. We prove that the maximum information gain from a pure
state, using a mixed apparatus is upper bounded by the initial coherence of the
system. Further, we illustrate the measurement scenario in the presence of
environment. We argue that the information gain is upper bounded by the entropy
exchange between the system and the apparatus. Also, to maximize the
information gain, both the initial coherence of the apparatus, and the final
entanglement between the system and apparatus should be maximum. Moreover, we
find that for a fixed amount of coherence in the final apparatus state the more
robust apparatus is, the more will be the information gain.Comment: 6 Pages, Comments are welcom
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Prehospital emergency care for trauma victims in Nepal: a mixed-methods study
Data-sharing statement: All data requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration. Access to anonymised data may be granted following review.Background:
The prehospital care system in Nepal is poorly developed, with multiple providers, limited co-ordination of services and no national coverage. There is little published evidence reporting the prehospital care of patients with trauma, data which are important to inform the development of the prehospital care system.
Objectives:
In order to understand the challenges of providing prehospital care to trauma patients, the study aimed to explore the burden of trauma presenting to prehospital care providers and the experience of providing care to these patients.
Design:
We used a mixed-method study that included secondary data analysis and qualitative semistructured interviews.
Setting:
Nepal (Kathmandu Valley, Chitwan, Pokhara and Butwal).
Participants:
Staff employed by the Nepal Ambulance Service including ambulance drivers, emergency medical technicians, dispatch officers and service managers.
Data sources:
Data describing callouts by the Nepal Ambulance Service over 1 year. Callout data were anonymised and analysed descriptively. Semistructured interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, translated and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results:
Of 1408 trauma calls received, 48.4% (n = 682) resulted in prehospital care being provided. The most common mechanism of injury was falls (35.8%), followed by road traffic crashes (19.1%) and the commonest types of injuries were fractures (33.1%) and spinal injuries (10.1%). Mean time from call to arrival at hospital was 48 minutes (range 20 minutes–6 hours). Seventeen staff described factors facilitating effective prehospital care, including having adequate resources, systems and training. Barriers to delivering prehospital care included the expectations and behaviour of patients’ relatives and bystanders, a lack of public awareness of the role and provision of prehospital care, and poor road and traffic conditions.
Limitations:
For some data fields, data were missing, limiting the ability to precisely determine patient needs and response times. The qualitative data may have been subject to responder bias if participants felt uncomfortable reporting something that may have reflected badly on their employer.
Conclusions:
Trauma is a major reason for requesting prehospital care, which can be delivered in less than an hour from receiving a call to arrival at the hospital. Multiple factors impede the effective delivery of care which could be addressed through further development across the prehospital care system.
Future work:
Qualitative research to explore the perceptions and experiences of trauma victims, road users, emergency department staff, police officers, members of organisations involved in prehospital care, firefighters, and policy-makers would complement the findings from this study. Specific issues raised, such as the difficulties experienced when handing over patients between prehospital and hospital care providers, warrant further exploration.This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Global Health Research programme as award number 16/137/49 using UK aid from the UK Government to support global health research
Development of transgenic cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) resistant gerbera plants expressing CMV coat protein gene
121-130Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) has its immense importance to the floriculture industry worldwide. The gerbera flower
production has been hampered by various viruses, among them cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has shown considerable
damage.As natural resistance to CMV is absent in gerbera, here, we have made an attempt to develop transgenic gerbera
plants expressing coat protein (CP) gene of CMV via Agrobacterium mediated transformation of base petiole explants for
genetic resistance to CMV infection. Among the 44 putative transgenic gerbera plant acclimatized, 39 were found positive
for integration of CP gene by polymerase chain reaction and southern hybridization assay using their specific primer and
probe respectively. Northern hybridization assay using CP gene specific probe confirmed the transcription of transgene in all
39 transgenic plants. These plants showed translation of CP during DAS-ELISA when tested with antiserum specific to CP
of CMV. These 39 plants when challenged by mechanical inoculations with CMV gerbera isolate showed virus resistance in
53% (21 out of 39) plants, virus tolerance (delayed mild symptom) in 33% (13/39) plants, while rest 12.8% (5/39) plants
showed severe disease symptoms. The CP mediated resistance of CMV in transgenic gerbera is being reported for the first
time from India
Identification of selective cytotoxic and synthetic lethal drug responses in triple negative breast cancer cells
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive type of cancer that lacks effective targeted therapy. Despite detailed molecular profiling, no targeted therapy has been established. Hence, with the aim of gaining deeper understanding of the functional differences of TNBC subtypes and how that may relate to potential novel therapeutic strategies, we studied comprehensive anticancer-agent responses among a panel of TNBC cell lines.Method: The responses of 301 approved and investigational oncology compounds were measured in 16 TNBC cell lines applying a functional profiling approach. To go beyond the standard drug viability effect profiling, which has been used in most chemosensitivity studies, we utilized a multiplexed readout for both cell viability and cytotoxicity, allowing us to differentiate between cytostatic and cytotoxic responses.Results: Our approach revealed that most single-agent anti-cancer compounds that showed activity for the viability readout had no or little cytotoxic effects. Major compound classes that exhibited this type of response included anti-mitotics, mTOR, CDK, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as many agents selectively inhibiting oncogene-activated pathways. However, within the broad viability-acting classes of compounds, there were often subsets of cell lines that responded by cell death, suggesting that these cells are particularly vulnerable to the tested substance. In those cases we could identify differential levels of protein markers associated with cytotoxic responses. For example, PAI-1, MAPK phosphatase and Notch-3 levels associated with cytotoxic responses to mitotic and proteasome inhibitors, suggesting that these might serve as markers of response also in clinical settings. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity readout highlighted selective synergistic and synthetic lethal drug combinations that were missed by the cell viability readouts. For instance, the MEK inhibitor trametinib synergized with PARP inhibitors. Similarly, combination of two non-cytotoxic compounds, the rapamycin analog everolimus and an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor dactolisib, showed synthetic lethality in several mTOR-addicted cell lines.Conclusions: Taken together, by studying the combination of cytotoxic and cytostatic drug responses, we identified a deeper spectrum of cellular responses both to single agents and combinations that may be highly relevant for identifying precision medicine approaches in TNBC as well as in other types of cancers
SSR marker-based DNA fingerprinting of Sub1 introgressed lines in the background of traditional rice varieties of Assam India
350-356Rice varieties are usually characterized by agro-morphological descriptors used for seed certification and seed
characterization by following distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) test. But in fact, these primary distinguishing
morphological descriptors among rice varieties are very limited and hence face problems to distinguish germplasm
accessions. Germplasm certification in NBPGR requires a DNA fingerprinting profile to explain germplasm uniqueness
compared to existing varieties. Varietal identification has gained a key role worldwide, particularly in plant variety
protection. Sixty-two morphological descriptors studies have shown the Sub1 introgressed advanced lines E-6, C-210,
C-196, 1189-1 and 1160-1 are distinct from the other varieties for more than 15morphological traits, based on these
variations the lines were selected for DNA fingerprinting. About68 SSRs markers were used for DNA fingerprinting in
seven genotypes, two of which were parents (Ranjit, Bahadur) and three Sub1 introgressed advanced lines (E6, C210, C196)
in Ranjit background, and two Sub1 introgressed advanced lines (1189-1, 1160-1) in Bahadur background. DNA
fingerprinting was done on these genotypes of rice using SSR markers. Among the 68 SSR markers, total 65 markers were
amplified and three were found not amplified. Out of 65 markersfour of them viz. RM 152, RM 172, RM 251, and RM 346
showed better polymorphism with amplicon size ranges from 155-163 bp, 150-159 bp, 137-147 bp, and 166-175 bp,
respectively, and remaining 61 showed monomorphic amplification. Therefore, SSR (Simple-sequence repeats) based DNA
fingerprinting helped to differentiate Ranjit, Bahadur, E-6, C-210, C-196, 1189-1, and 1160-1. Hence, the research reveals
that newly developed high-yielding Sub1 introgressed advanced lines in the background of traditional Assam rice varieties
(Ranjit and Bahadur) are unique in their identity
Latent HIV in primary T lymphocytes is unresponsive to histone deacetylase inhibitors
Recently, there is considerable interest in the field of anti-HIV therapy to identify and develop chromatin-modifying histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors that can effectively reactivate latent HIV in patients. The hope is that this would help eliminate cells harboring latent HIV and achieve an eventual cure of the virus. However, how effectively these drugs can stimulate latent HIVs in quiescent primary CD4 T cells, despite their relevant potencies demonstrated in cell line models of HIV latency, is not clear. Here, we show that the HDAC inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) are unable to reactivate HIV in latently infected primary CD4 T cells generated in the H80 co-culture system. This raises a concern that the drugs inhibiting HDAC function alone might not be sufficient for stimulating latent HIV in resting CD4 T cells in patients and not achieve any anticipated reduction in the pool of latent reservoirs
Anti-inflammatory properties of mutolide isolated from the fungus Lepidosphaeria species (PM0651419)
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