Exporting and labor demand : micro-level evidence from Germany

It is widely believed that globalization affcts the extent of employment and wage responses to economic shocks. To provide evidence for this, we analyze the effect of firms' exporting behavior on the elasticity of labor demand. Using rich, German administrative linked employer-employee panel data from 1996 to 2008, we explicitly control for self-selection into exporting and endogeneity concerns. In line with our theoretical model, we find that exporting at both the intensive and extensive margins significantly increases the (absolute value of the) unconditional own-wage labor demand elasticity. This is not only true for the average worker, but also for different skill groups. For the median firm, the elasticity is three-quarters higher when comparing exporting to nonexporting firms

Frequency and characteristics of pleural effusions in pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the fourth cause of pleural effusions, after pneumonia, neoinfiltrates and tuberculosis. Several questions are yet unanswered: are the pleural effusions in PE exudates or transudates, what is their size, are they unilateral or bilateral, are they only haemorrhagic, etc. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, side, size, biochemical and cytological characteristics of pleural effusions in PE. In this study, 100 patients with suspicion of PE were examined and treated and in all the diagnosis of PE was establish. 31 of them had pleural effusions. Of 31 patients with PE and pleural effusions, six (9.84%), had bilateral pleural effusions, 14 (22.95%) patients had right-sided pleural effusion, and 11 (18.03%) had pleural effusion on the left side. 22 (36.07%) had small pleural effusions, 8 (13.11%) had medium and 1 (1.64%) had a large pleural effusion.18 (29.51%) had yellowish colored pleural effusions, 12 (19.67%) had haemorrhagic pleural effusions and 1 (1.64%) had transparent pleural effusion. Values of the total protein in pleural effusions varied in the interval 45.70 ± 7.25 gr/l., 30 patients had LDH an effusion/sera ratio bigger than 0.6, and 1 patient had an LDH p/s ratio < 0.6. 15 patients (24.59) had neutrophil cells, 10 (16.39%) had lymphocytes, and eosinophil cells dominated in 5 (8.20%). One patient (1.64%) had a negative cytological finding. We can conclude that pleural effusions secondary to PE can be found in around one third of all cases with PE. They are small, mostly unilateral, often but not always haemorrhagic. They are always exudates with a predomination of neutrofil cells

Which plant compounds influence the natural resistance of cabbage against onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci Lindeman)?

In a field experiment on the natural resistance of cabbage ( Brassica oleracea var. capitata ) against onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) , 20 cabbage genotypes were included: 9 early, 5 mid-early, 6 mid-late (regarding the longevity of the growing period), 3 red, 17 white (regarding colour), 14 hybrids and 6 varieties (regarding genetic origin). For comparisons between genotypes, we determined significant differences in the mean index of damage on the exterior leaves of cabbage heads (1.12–2.83), the net weight of heads (281.40,151169.6 g), and yield loss (5.8–47.4%). The concentration of several compounds from cabbage leaves (epicuticular wax, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol, sucrose, glucose, fructose, vitamin C, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and arachidic acid) are measured. For all groups of cabbage genotypes the only confirmed negative correlation was between the extent of damage caused by the sucking of onion thrips and epicuticular wax content on the cabbage leaves (in groups where we artificially placed genotypes with similar characteristics). After this preliminary experiment, the research must be extended in order to determine the effect of the remaining analysed compounds in cabbage leaves for resistance (sensitivity) of cabbage to onion thrips attack

Determination of fluorinated quinolone antibacterials by ion chromatography with fluorescence detection

For preparing fluorinated quinolone antibiotic medicine locally used in stomatology, simultaneous determination of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin was carried out by multiphase ion chromatography with fluorescence detection. Quinolone antibiotics were separated by Dionex OmniPac PAX-500 column with an eluent of 15 mmol/L H(2)SO(4) and 35% methanol (v/v) at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min and detected with fluorescence with excitation and emission wave lengths of 347 nm and 420 nm respectively. The detection limits (S/N=3) of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were 50, 105 and 80 ng/ml respectively. The relative standard deviations of retention time, peak area and peak height were less than 1.1% and good linear relationship resulted. The developed method was applied to pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids