104 research outputs found

    An Upper Bound on the Complexity of Recognizable Tree Languages

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    The third author noticed in his 1992 PhD Thesis [Sim92] that every regular tree language of infinite trees is in a class ⅁(D_n(ÎŁ0_2))\Game (D\_n({\bf\Sigma}^0\_2)) for some natural number n≄1n\geq 1, where ⅁\Game is the game quantifier. We first give a detailed exposition of this result. Next, using an embedding of the Wadge hierarchy of non self-dual Borel subsets of the Cantor space 2ω2^\omega into the class Δ1_2{\bf\Delta}^1\_2, and the notions of Wadge degree and Veblen function, we argue that this upper bound on the topological complexity of regular tree languages is much better than the usual Δ1_2{\bf\Delta}^1\_2

    Feed-back par vidéo et apprentissage des habiletés motrices

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    Baire and automata

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    In his thesis Baire defined functions of Baire class 1. A function f is of Baire class 1 if it is the pointwise limit of a sequence of continuous functions. Baire proves the following theorem. A function f is not of class 1 if and only if there exists a closed nonempty set F such that the restriction of f to F has no point of continuity. We prove the automaton version of this theorem. An ω-rational function is not of class 1 if and only if there exists a closed nonempty set F recognized by a BĂŒchi automaton such that the restriction of f to F has no point of continuity. This gives us the opportunity for a discussion on Hausdorff's analysis of Δ°2, ordinals, transfinite induction and some applications of computer science

    Renal tubular absorption of ÎČ2 microglobulin

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    Renal tubular absorption of ÎČ2 microglobulin. 125Iodinated human ÎČ2 microglobulin (ÎČ2m, 5 to 30 mg) was administered to anesthetized rats. Clearance studies showed a low threshold of excretion of injected ÎČ2m and a high Tm of 400 to 600 ”g · min-1 · kg-1. A glomerular sieving coefficient of 0.97 was calculated as the slope of the curve: ÎČ2m excretion rate = F (plasma ÎČ2m × glomerular filtration rate) for values above saturation. Electrophoresis analysis of proteinuria in agarose gel and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel showed that injection of saturating doses of ÎČ2m induced the excretion of proteins of similar size but different charge and that of other proteins of different size. Among the latter, some were excreted transiently in association with ÎČ2m, whereas others had a delayed excretion suggesting existence of a complex mechanism of reabsorption whose steps remain to be elucidated.Absorption tubulaire rĂ©nale de la ÎČ2 microglobuline. De 5 Ă 30 mg de ÎČ2 microglobuline (ÎČ2m) humaine marquĂ©e Ă  l'Iode 125 ont Ă©tĂ© injectĂ©s Ă  des rats anesthĂ©siĂ©s. Des Ă©tudes de clairance ont montrĂ© un seuil d'excrĂ©tion bas et un Tm Ă©levĂ© de 400 Ă  600 ”g · min-1 · kg-1. Un coefficient de tamisage de 0,97 a Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ© Ă  partir de la pente de la courbe: excretion de ÎČ2m = F (concentration plasmatique de ÎČ2m × filtration glomĂ©rulaire) pour les points au-dessus de la saturation. L'analyse de la protĂ©inurie par Ă©lectrophorĂšse sur gel d'agarose et sur gel de polyacrylamide avec dodecyl-sulfate de sodium a montrĂ© que l'injection de doses saturantes de ÎČ2m provoque l'excretion de protĂ©ines de mĂȘme taille mais de charge diffĂ©rente, ainsi que de protĂ©ines de taille diffĂ©rente. Parmi ces derniĂšres, certaines sont excrĂ©tĂ©es de maniĂšre transitoire et en mĂȘme temps que la ÎČ2m, tandis que d'autres ont une excrĂ©tion retardĂ©e suggĂ©rant l'existence d'un mĂ©canisme de rĂ©absorption complexe dont les Ă©tapes restent Ă  Ă©tudier

    On the Continuity Set of an omega Rational Function

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    In this paper, we study the continuity of rational functions realized by B\"uchi finite state transducers. It has been shown by Prieur that it can be decided whether such a function is continuous. We prove here that surprisingly, it cannot be decided whether such a function F has at least one point of continuity and that its continuity set C(F) cannot be computed. In the case of a synchronous rational function, we show that its continuity set is rational and that it can be computed. Furthermore we prove that any rational Pi^0_2-subset of X^omega for some alphabet X is the continuity set C(F) of an omega-rational synchronous function F defined on X^omega.Comment: Dedicated to Serge Grigorieff on the occasion of his 60th Birthda

    Simulation of a viscous fluid spreading by a bidimensional shallow water model

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    In this paper we propose a numerical method to solve the Cauchy problem based on the viscous shallow water equations in an horizontally moving domain. More precisely, we are interested in a flooding and drying model, used to modelize the overflow of a river or the intrusion of a tsunami on ground. We use a non conservative form of the two-dimensional shallow water equations, in eight velocity formulation and we build a numerical approximation, based on the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian formulation, in order to compute the solution in the moving domain

    Projet de conservation de la biodiversité dans la moyenne vallée du ZambÚze aprÚs éradication de la mouche tsé-tsé (Zimbabwé). Etude de faisabilité d'un microprojet : le ranch communal de gibier de Gonono (Gonono communal game ranch)

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    Le "ranch communal de gibier de Gonono" s'inscrit dans le cadre des micro-projets proposĂ©s de maniĂšre consensuelle au ComitĂ© exĂ©cutif du "Projet de Conservation de la BiodiversitĂ© dans la Moyenne VallĂ©e du ZambĂšze aprĂšs l'Eradication. de la Mouche TsĂ©-tsĂ©". Dans le but global d'amĂ©liorer durablement les conditions de vie de la population du Ward de Gonono, l'objectif spĂ©cifique de ce micro-projet est de mettre au point un mode local de production alternative de viande Ă  bas prix Ă  partir de la faune sauvage. DĂ©cidĂ© et conçu avec les autoritĂ©s du Ward, le ranch doit ĂȘtre progressivement gĂ©rĂ© par et pour la population du Ward. Il doit d'abord produire sur place une viande de gibier recherchĂ©e par les communautĂ©s locales qui n'y avaient accĂšs jusqu'Ă  prĂ©sent que de maniĂšre illĂ©gale. Cette viande doit ĂȘtre produite Ă  un coĂ»t modĂ©rĂ© accessible Ă  la population. Le ranch doit aussi permettre de conserver un espace Ă©tendu encore faiblement anthropisĂ© en le valorisant par des productions Ă  faible impact Ă©cologique. En phase de croisiĂšre, l'exploitation sur 3.000 hectares du peuplement multispĂ©cifique de gibier devrait permettre la fourniture annuelle de 3 0 tonnes carcasse de viande d'impala et 10. tonnes carcasse de viande d'autres espĂšces, soit une productivitĂ© de 13 kg carcasse de venaison par hectare. Quelques productions annexes sont aussi prĂ©vues. L'objectif Ă©conomique est la couverture du prix de revient de la viande et non pas la recherche d'un profit financier. La crĂ©ation de ce ranch communal de gibier est une entreprise Ă  caractĂšre hautement innovant aux plans institutionnel et technique. Il doit donc ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme une opĂ©ration pilote Ă  part entiĂšre et, Ă  ce titre, doit pouvoir bĂ©nĂ©ficier d'un encadrement serrĂ© et d'un appui scientifique consĂ©quent, tout au moins les premiĂšres annĂ©es. (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur

    Chronologie et spatialisation de retombées de cendres volcaniques tardiglaciaires dans les massifs des Vosges et du Jura, et le plateau suisse

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    L’établissement d’une chronologie prĂ©cise des diffĂ©rents Ă©vĂ©nements climatiques du Tardiglaciaire et de l’HolocĂšne nĂ©cessite l’emploi de diffĂ©rents moyens de datation. Parmi ceux-ci, la tĂ©phrochronologie apparaĂźt comme un outil permettant Ă  la fois une datation prĂ©cise et une synchronisation Ă  l’échelle inter-rĂ©gionale de ces Ă©vĂ©nements. Dans le cadre de l’étude de l’enregistrement des variations du climat ayant rĂ©gnĂ© en Europe de l’Ouest durant les 20 000 derniĂšres annĂ©es, des niveaux de tĂ©phras et de « cryptotĂ©phras » ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s dans des remplissages de lacs situĂ©s dans les massifs du Jura, des Vosges et sur le Plateau suisse. Certains de ces niveaux Ă©tant invisibles Ă  l’Ɠil nu, leur dĂ©tection a Ă©tĂ© rendue possible grĂące Ă  l’emploi de la mesure de la susceptibilitĂ© magnĂ©tique Ă  un pas de 5 mm. Nos observations permettent de complĂ©ter l’extension gĂ©ographique de la bordure ouest du nuage de dispersion mĂ©ridional du Laacher See Tephra (env. 12900 ans, Eifel, Allemagne) dĂ©jĂ  observĂ© dans d’autres remplissages lacustres du Jura et de l’Europe de l’Ouest et du Nord. Dans les sites Ă©tudiĂ©s, les Ă©chardes de verre volcanique prĂ©sentent des compositions chimiques comparables Ă  celles des phases les plus jeunes du Laacher See Tephra. D’autres niveaux de tĂ©phras, non rĂ©pertoriĂ©s jusqu’à prĂ©sent dans cette rĂ©gion, ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s et caractĂ©risĂ©s. Deux niveaux, trĂšs discrets et uniquement prĂ©sents dans les sites du massif du Jura et du Plateau suisse, sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par des Ăąges et compositions chimiques de phĂ©nocristaux compatibles avec les produits Ă©mis par le Puy de la NugĂšre (ChaĂźne des Puys, France) pendant l’AllerĂžd (autour de 13300 ans). Les sites du massif des Vosges, quant Ă  eux, sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par l’occurence d’un tĂ©phra rhyolitique, le Vedde Ash (env. 12000 ans), dĂ©posĂ© durant le Dryas rĂ©cent. Actuellement, il s’agit lĂ  de l’occurence la plus mĂ©ridio‑occidentale de ce tĂ©phra. Nos rĂ©sultats complĂštent la tĂ©phrochronologie tardiglaciaire de l’Est de la France et offrent donc un « pont » chronologique supplĂ©mentaire entre les sĂ©quences sĂ©dimentaires nord- et centreeuropĂ©ennes et celles situĂ©es plus Ă  l’ouest. Ils soulignent l’importance du Laacher See Tephra et du Vedde Ash pour les Ă©tudes palĂ©oenvironnementales dans cette partie de l’Europe puisque ces deux tĂ©phras encadrent la limite AllerĂžd - Dryas rĂ©cent et permettent, pour cet intervalle de temps, de pallier l’absence de donnĂ©es radiochronologiques.Establishment of a precise chronicle of the lateglacial and holocene climatic variations requires the use of various dating methods. Among them, tephrochronology allows high-resolution dating and synchronization of these events at a regional scale and sometimes at a continental scale. Study of the record of the climatic variations occuring in western Europe since twenty thousands years leads to the discovery of tephras levels and “cryptotephras” in sediments cored in lakes from the Jura and Vosges mountains, and the Swiss plateau. Some of these levels are invisible to the naked eye. Their detection was obtained using magnetic susceptibility measurement with a 5 mm step along the cores. Our observations allow to complete the western boundary of the southern distribution of the Laacher See Tephra (ca. 12,900 yr, Eifel, Germany). This tephra has been already described in others lacustrine sequences from the Jura and the western and northern Europe. In the sites we have studied, the volcanic glass shards show geochemical compositions comparable to those of the youngest phases of the Laacher See Tephra eruption. Other tephra levels, never described in this region until then, have been detected and characterized. Two very discrete tephra levels, only observed in sites from the Jura and the Swiss plateau, present ages, mineral assemblages and chemical compositions close to those of tephras that were emitted by the Puy de la NugĂšre (ChaĂźne des Puys, France) during the Alleröd (about 13,300 yr). Sites from the Vosges mountains are characterized by the occurrence of the rhyolitic Vedde Ash (ca. 12,000 yr, from the icelandic Katla volcano), deposited during the Younger Dryas. Presently, this is the most southwestern occurrence of the Vedde Ash. Our data make up the Eastern France Lateglacial tephrochrology and offer an additional chronological bridge between sedimentary sequences from northern and central Europe and those situated more westerly. They show the importance of the Laacher See Tephra and the Vedde Ash for palaeoenvironmental studies in western Europe since they are flanking the AllerödYounger Dryas transition and allow to compensate the lack of radiochronological data
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