Vulnerability maps pollution to hydrocarbon and urban waste pollution in seawater intrusion areas

According to a national project promoted by the Italian National Group for the Protection against Hydrogeological Hazards, vulnerability maps (1: 50.000) of part of the Italian National territory have been published, particularly in Sicilia (Iblei Mounts, Madonie, Sicani and Etna). These maps have become a public document for local groundwater management. Dangerous phenomena have been reported in some zones of Sicily. Anthropic interventions have created toxic waste dumps in vulnerable areas. We explain the advantage of vulnerability maps in the study of dangerous types of pollution for the situation in the Augusta Priolo area, Sicilia, in which a petrochemical complex has been installed. Hydrogeological and petrochemical aspects are examined to assess the possibilities of a preventive intervention and reclamation. In the same areas, seawater intrusion is increasing in coastal regions

Comparison between posterior sacral plate stabilization versus minimally invasive transiliac-transsacral lag-screw fixation in fractures of sacrum: a single-centre experience.

PURPOSE: The sacrum is a mechanical nucleus working as the base for the spinal column, as well as the keystone of the pelvic ring. Thus, injuries of the sacrum can lead to biomechanical instability and nerve conduction abnormality. METHODS: The common classification is the Denis classification, but these fractures are often part of a lesion of the posterior pelvic ring and therefore the Tile classification is very useful. The goals of operative intervention are to reduce fracture fragments, protect neurological structures, and provide adequate stability for early mobilization. RESULTS: The stabilization of these injuries can be difficult even in a patient with adequate bone stock and concomitant medical comorbidities. The posterior-ring tension-band metallic plate and sacroiliac joint screw are two commonly used methods for posterior internal fixation of the pelvis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we evaluate the differences, in the treatment of sacral fractures, between the two techniques, revising the literature and our experience