'I am not a German Jew. I am a Jew with a German passport': German-Jewish identification among Jewish Germans and Jewish German Israelis

The aim of this study is to explore the way German-Jews negotiate their German and Jewish cultural self-identifications. Given that Jewish and German identities represent both ethnic and national identities, we conceptualize their construction and reconstruction referring to theories of national identity. To describe the outcomes of the negotiation processes observed, we recruit Berry’s acculturation theory. This theory provides a valuable framework to conceptualize the integration of two cultural self- identifications. The German-Jewish-Israeli setting is particularly interesting due to the complex relations between the three social groups emerging in the aftermath of the Holocaust. To explore the participants’ German, Jewish and Israeli selfidentifications and the role of the Holocaust in their construction and reconstruction, we conducted 18 in-depth interviews. Findings imply that the Holocaust plays a role in the construction of an integrated German-Jewish identification. Yet, the Holocaust and its consequences notwithstanding, an integrated German-Jewish self-identification is possible

Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Community Development: The case of Israeli Kibbutz

Globalization, industrialization and structural changes in traditional rural employment patterns have caused rural communities such as the Israeli Kibbutz to search for development strategies in order to survive. Self development constitutes one possible approach to community development. It nurtures local entrepreneurial activities and relies basically on local resources in order to create new jobs and economic activities. These local activities of entrepreneurship generate variety and leverage resources and can therefore foster social capital development and contribute to the community's capacity. Community development requires a mix of resources including natural capital, produced economic capital, human capital and institutional capital. Social capital is the glue that holds them together, a network of social relations based upon norms of trust and reciprocity leading to outcomes of mutual benefits. Thus, social capital reflects the ability of community members to participate, cooperate, organize and interact. Since many rural communities such as the kibbutz are undergoing processes of crisis and change, innovative initiatives potentially promoting economic independence of individuals and development of the community are of major importance. Rather than assuming that entrepreneurship is primarily the outcome of social capital, this study focuses upon the interdependency of entrepreneurship and forms of capital required for community development

Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Community Development: The case of Israeli Kibbutz

Globalization, industrialization and structural changes in traditional rural employment patterns have caused rural communities such as the Israeli Kibbutz to search for development strategies in order to survive. Self development constitutes one possible approach to community development. It nurtures local entrepreneurial activities and relies basically on local resources in order to create new jobs and economic activities. These local activities of entrepreneurship generate variety and leverage resources and can therefore foster social capital development and contribute to the community's capacity. Community development requires a mix of resources including natural capital, produced economic capital, human capital and institutional capital. Social capital is the glue that holds them together, a network of social relations based upon norms of trust and reciprocity leading to outcomes of mutual benefits. Thus, social capital reflects the ability of community members to participate, cooperate, organize and interact. Since many rural communities such as the kibbutz are undergoing processes of crisis and change, innovative initiatives potentially promoting economic independence of individuals and development of the community are of major importance. Rather than assuming that entrepreneurship is primarily the outcome of social capital, this study focuses upon the interdependency of entrepreneurship and forms of capital required for community development.Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Entrepreneurship in the Kibbutz Setting: Towards a Classification of New Business Ventures

This study deals with business entrepreneurship in the kibbutz. The study presents an attempt to identify what kinds of new business ventures emerge in the kibbutz setting. The empirical findings reveal a large number and variety of new business ventures characterizing the business trend in the kibbutz nowadays. More specifically, this paper presents a taxonomy of new business ventures, based upon a sample of 571 enterprises initiated by 150 community organizations of the kibbutz movement in Israel. By means of 8 parameters and using the multidimensional scaling analysis method, 7 major types of corporate entrepreneurship emerge from our data set. These distinctive types are labeled and described as the Innovator, the Culturalist, the Artisan, the Entertainer, the Consultant, the Tender, and the Housekeeper types. By and large, the pattern of entrepreneurship in the kibbutz is rather conservative, reflecting low-risk and conventional kinds of business