STRUCTURAL AND ELECTROOPTIC PROPERTIES OF LASER ABLATED BI4TI3O12 THIN-FILMS ON SRTIO3(100) AND SRTIO3(110)

Bi4Ti3O12 thin films have been grown by laser ablation on SrTiO3(100) and SrTiO3(110) substrates. Substrate surface orientation is found to be an important growth parameter which determines crystal axis orientation, grain growth behavior, and electro-optic properties of the Bi4Ti3O12 thin films. The films grown on SrTiO3(110) shows a ferroelectric phase transition near 720-degrees-C and a large quadratic electro-optic effect with the effective coefficient 1.1 X 10(-16) m2/v 2.open1135sciescopu

Epidural cement leakage through pedicle violation after balloon kyphoplasty causing paraparesis in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures - a report of two cases

Kyphoplasty is advantageous over vertebroplasty in terms of better kyphosis correction and diminished risk of cement extravasations. Literature described cement leakage causing neurological injury mainly after vertebroplasty procedure; only a few case reports show cement leakage with kyphoplasty without neurological injury or proper cause of leakage. We present a report two cases of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture treated with kyphoplasty and developed cement leakage causing significant neurological injury. In both cases CT scan was the diagnostic tool to identify cause of cement leakage. CT scan exhibited violation of medial pedicle wall causing cement leakage in the spinal canal. Both patients displayed clinical improvement after decompression surgery with or without instrumentation. Retrospectively looking at stored fluoroscopic images, we found that improper position of trocar in AP and lateral view simultaneously while taking entry caused pedicle wall violation. We suggest not to cross medial pedicle wall in AP image throughout the entire procedure and keeping the trocar in the center of pedicle in lateral image would be the most important precaution to prevent such complication. Our case reports adds the neurological complications with kyphoplasty procedure and suggested that along with other precautions described in the literature, entry with trocar along the entire procedure keeping the oval shape of pedicle in mind (under C-arm) will probably help to prevent such complications

Bond-length dependence of charge-transfer excitations and stretch phonon modes in perovskite ruthenates: Evidence of strong p – d hybridization effects

We reported the optical conductivity spectra of the Ruddlesden-Popper series ruthenates, i.e., Srn+1RunO3n+1 and Can+1RunO3n+1, where n=1, 2, and `. Among various optical transitions, we investigated two Ru-O related modes, i.e., the charge-transfer excitation and the transverse stretching phonon. We found that their frequency shifts are not much affected by a structural dimensionality, but are closely related to the Ru-O bond length. Through the quantitative analysis of the charge-transfer excitation energy, we could demonstrate that the p–d hybridization should play an important role in determining their electronic structure. In addition, we discussed how the electronic excitation could contribute the lattice dynamics in the metallic ruthenate

Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of rotator cuff tear after shoulder dislocation in a patient older than 40 years

Background This study was designed to evaluate characters of the rotator cuff tear (RCT) recognized after primary shoulder dislocation in patients older than 40. Methods From 2008 to 2019, patients who visited two hospitals after dislocation were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients over 40 who had dislocation, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) undergone. Exclusion criteria were patients who lost to follow-up, combined with any proximal humerus fracture, brachial plexus injury, and previous operation or dislocation history in the ipsilateral shoulder. Also patients who had only bankart or bony bakart lesion in MRI were excluded. We evaluated RCTs that were recognized by MRI after the primary shoulder dislocation with regard to tear size, degree, involved tendons, fatty degeneration, the age when the first dislocation occurred, and the duration until the MRI was evaluated after the dislocation. Results Fifty-five RCTs were included. According to age groups, the tear size was increased in coronal and sagittal direction, the number of involved tendons was increased, and the degree of fatty degeneration was advanced in infraspinatus muscle. Thirty-two cases (58.2%) conducted MRI after 3 weeks from the first shoulder dislocation event. This group showed that the retraction size of the coronal plane was increased significantly and the fatty accumulation of the supraspinatus muscle had progressed significantly. Conclusions Age is also a strong factor to affect the feature of RCT after the shoulder dislocation in patients over 40. And the delay of the MRI may deteriorate the degree of tear size and fatty degeneration

Manganese based layered oxides with modulated electronic and thermodynamic properties for sodium ion batteries

Manganese based layered oxides have received increasing attention as cathode materials for sodium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacities and good sodium ion conductivities. However, the Jahn–Teller distortion arising from the manganese (III) centers destabilizes the host structure and deteriorates the cycling life. Herein, we report that zinc-doped Na0.833[Li0.25Mn0.75]O2 can not only suppress the Jahn–Teller effect but also reduce the inherent phase separations. The reduction of manganese (III) amount in the zinc-doped sample, as predicted by first-principles calculations, has been confirmed by its high binding energies and the reduced octahedral structural variations. In the viewpoint of thermodynamics, the zinc-doped sample has lower formation energy, more stable ground states, and fewer spinodal decomposition regions than those of the undoped sample, all of which make it charge or discharge without any phase transition. Hence, the zinc-doped sample shows superior cycling performance, demonstrating that zinc doping is an effective strategy for developing high-performance layered cathode materials

Sr2_2IrO4_4/Sr3_3Ir2_2O7_7 superlattice for a model 2D quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet

Spin-orbit entangled pseudospins hold promise for a wide array of exotic magnetism ranging from a Heisenberg antiferromagnet to a Kitaev spin liquid depending on the lattice and bonding geometry, but many of the host materials suffer from lattice distortions and deviate from idealized models in part due to inherent strong pseudospin-lattice coupling. Here, we report on the synthesis of a magnetic superlattice comprising the single ($n$=1) and the double ($n$=2) layer members of the Ruddlesden-Popper series iridates Sr$_{n+1}$Ir$_{n}$O$_{3n+1}$ alternating along the $c$-axis, and provide a comprehensive study of its lattice and magnetic structures using scanning transmission electron microscopy, resonant elastic and inelastic x-ray scattering, third harmonic generation measurements and Raman spectroscopy. The superlattice is free of the structural distortions reported for the parent phases and has a higher point group symmetry, while preserving the magnetic orders and pseudospin dynamics inherited from the parent phases, featuring two magnetic transitions with two symmetry-distinct orders. We infer weaker pseudospin-lattice coupling from the analysis of Raman spectra and attribute it to frustrated magnetic-elastic couplings. Thus, the superlattice expresses a near ideal network of effective spin-one-half moments on a square lattice

Comparison of The Genome Profiles Between Head and Body Lice

The body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) is known to have diverged from the head louse (P. humanus capitis) but genomic differences between these two subspecies still remain unexplored. To compare genomic profiles between head and body lice, whole genome sequences of head lice were determined by next generation sequencing methods based on both Illumina Genome analyzer and Roche GS FLX pyrosequencing and compared with the reference genome sequences of the body louse. Total consensuses generated by mapping to the body louse genome in conjunction with de novo assembly of head louse genome sequences revealed a head louse genome size of 110 Mbp with a 96% coverage of the body louse genome sequences. A total of 12,651 genes were predicted from the head louse genome sequences although more precise assembly and functional annotation of the genome is required for a more accurate gene count. Among the 873 genes that were putatively specific to the head louse, 15 genes were confirmed to be transcribed in both head and body lice, suggesting the previously estimated gene number of the body louse was likely underestimated. The single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the nucleotide diversity of genome between head and body lice was 2.2%, which was larger than that of the transcriptome between head and body lice. An endosymbiont genome analysis showed that the composition of endosymbionts in head lice was similar to that of body lice and Candidatus Riesia pediculicola was the primary endosymbiont in both head and body lice

Symmetry Control of Unconventional Spin–Orbit Torques in IrO\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e

Spin–orbit torques generated by a spin current are key to magnetic switching in spintronic applications. The polarization of the spin current dictates the direction of switching required for energy-efficient devices. Conventionally, the polarizations of these spin currents are restricted to be along a certain direction due to the symmetry of the material allowing only for efficient in-plane magnetic switching. Unconventional spin–orbit torques arising from novel spin current polarizations, however, have the potential to switch other magnetization orientations such as perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, which is desired for higher density spintronic-based memory devices. Here, it is demonstrated that low crystalline symmetry is not required for unconventional spin–orbit torques and can be generated in a nonmagnetic high symmetry material, iridium dioxide (IrO2), using epitaxial design. It is shown that by reducing the relative crystalline symmetry with respect to the growth direction large unconventional spin currents can be generated and hence spin–orbit torques. Furthermore, the spin polarizations detected in (001), (110), and (111) oriented IrO2 thin films are compared to show which crystal symmetries restrict unconventional spin transport. Understanding and tuning unconventional spin transport generation in high symmetry materials can provide a new route towards energy-efficient magnetic switching in spintronic devices