Top soil layer equi-electrical conductivity and pollution with salts mapping for a region located within Baghdad city

This research deals with the study of top soil electrical conductive regions located within Baghdad City. The research included measuring the dissolved soil material extraction Electrical Conductivity (EC) with an aqueous solution for the top (0-30 cm) soil layer of the study area. As the electrical conductivity values increase by increasing the amount of dissolved salts in principle, we can consider that the aim of this research is to predict the amount and distribution of (soil contamination with salts) which is represented by the (Salt Index), this factor calculated for each soil representative sample taken from the region with a depth of (30 cm). Laboratory (EC) test values measured by the use of solutions (EC) digital meter for the extract of the dissolved soils with a distilled de-ionized water using the ratio of (2:1) .The distributed (EC) values for the field representative soil samples used lately to plot a contour equi-electrical conductivity map and EC soil fluctuation profiles, in which reflected the top soil layer salinity distribution according to Tigris river position in the study area , also it reflects the increase and decrease of this layer salinity in a relation to the river position. This study concluded that the highest soil salinity concentrations located at the southern east part of the study area, while the lowest concentrations are located on the intersection areas with Tigris river stream, other areas in which are few kilometers far from the river stream showed moderate salinity concentrations. These results could be helpful for Environmental and agricultural benefits, through identifying the salty soil pollution region and look for ways of treatment

Clarity and Visual Ratios of the Vibrant Place Making

One of the most important components of the city is the place, which generates interest in it being the city’s basic urban structure, This concern has led to the emergence of a new concept, the placemaking, where the concept of placemaking is not based on the dimensions of physical space, but also focuses on social dimensionsand the satisfaction of the population and their wishes and needs, And emerged several trends for the urban placemaking, and because the center of the city of Diwaniya suffers from neglect and deterioration and the migration of activities to the outskirts of the city, Where it is necessary to find a trend that reinvigorates thecenter, which is the orientation of the vibrant placemaking, which deals exclusively with the centers of cities and combines within it several other directions for the placemaking, The problem of research is reflected in the lack of clarity of the relationship between urban planning and urban design and the assumption that the relationship between design and urban planning is produced through the vibrant placemaking, and in order to determine the relationship and build indicators from the relationship between urban planning and urban design for the vibrant placemaking, The main vocabulary, which has been tested with the tasks and objectives of urban planning and urban design standards to extract the final indicators, which interact as a system and integrated unit, Two quantitative indicators, which are directly measurable and qualitative indicators, measured by the questionnaire, And the most important conclusions and recommendations increase the amount of diversity in activities and intensities and exclusion of inappropriate uses and attention to individuals and buildings heritage and the positive interaction resulting from the establishment of rituals, which creates perception and memory Assembly, Enhancing the spatial character through the human scale, adopting a clear methodology for urban development, preparing detailed plans, raising the functional efficiency of the planningstaff, and attracting large investments for the purpose of the vibrant placemaking in the city center of Diwaniyah city

Identifying children with anxiety disorders using brief versions of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale for children, parents and teachers

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health disorders experienced by children and are associated with significant negative outcomes. Only a minority of affected children, however, access professional help, and a failure to identify children with anxiety disorders presents a key barrier to treatment access. Existing child anxiety questionnaire measures are long and time consuming to complete, limiting their potential for widespread use as identification tools in community settings. We developed a brief questionnaire for parents, children, and teachers using items from the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and evaluated the new measure’s psychometric properties, capacity to discriminate between a community (n = 361) and clinic-referred sample (n = 338) of children aged 7–11, and identified optimal cut-off scores for accurate identification of preadolescent children experiencing clinically significant levels of anxiety. The findings provided support for the reliability and validity of 8-item versions of the SCAS, with the brief questionnaire scores displaying comparable internal consistency, agreement among reporters, and convergent/divergent validity to the full-length SCAS scores. The brief SCAS scores also discriminated between the community and clinic-referred samples and identified children in the clinic-referred sample with a moderate-to-good level of accuracy and acceptable sensitivity and specificity. Combining reporters improved sensitivity, but at the expense of specificity, and findings suggested parent report should be prioritized. This new brief questionnaire has potential for use in community settings as a tool to improve identification of children who are experiencing clinically significant levels of anxiety and warrant further assessment and potential support

The Factors that Influence Knowledge Sharing in Educational Institutions

The objective of the study is to identify the elements which have an impact on sharing of knowledge at Cihan University in Erbil. Although previous studies have identified a range of elements affecting knowledge sharing, further research is needed to understand the factors driving knowledge sharing, particularly among higher educational institutions in Iraq. Since there are few studies about the sharing of knowledge among Iraqi higher education institutions' staff and there is no current model that has all of the elements required to examine the sharing of knowledge, the researchers investigated the effects of organizational, individual, and technological variables on academics' knowledge sharing behavior. Cihan University staff in Iraq's Kurdistan Region completed a total of 78 validated questionnaires. The data were evaluated with the use of a structural equation model (PLS-SEM). According to the findings of the study, organizational and technological factors are important indicators of knowledge sharing in educational institutions

VICINE AND CONVICINE LEVELS IN DRY AND FRESH BEANS DURING THE GROWTH STAGES AND THE EFFECT OF ENZYMATIC TREATMENT AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THEIR REMOVAL.

Beans (Vicia faba) contain some anti-nutritional compounds, especially vicine and convicine and their non-sugar derivatives, divicine and isouramil, which are responsible for the occurrence of Favism in people with hereditary deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). These study objective was estimation of vicine and convicine content and their distribution in dry and green bean parts during the growth stages, and the effect of beta-glucosidase from defatted apricot seed powder and some home-based processing conditions on elimination of these compounds from the bean. The results showed that the content of vicine & convicine in bean ranged from 22.7 mg/100 g in the seedling stage to 46.8 mg/100 g in the pods stage at 139 days. As for vicine, it ranged from 12.6 mg /100g to 29 mg/100g at the above stages respectively. While for convicine it ranged from 10.1 mg/100g to 17.8 mg/100 respectively. The enzymatic treatments showed significant elimination of those compounds as compared to non-enzymatic treatments. Additionally, other factors such as soaking temperature, pH, and time as well as cooking process had a positive effect on the elimination of those glucosides

Prophylactic Versus Extended Antibiotics Regimen in Breast Cancer Surgery

Background: A single intravenous preoperative prophylactic dose of an antibiotic with antistaphylococcal activity represent standard care for breast and axillary surgical procedures. Some surgeons also prescribe postoperative extended regimen for all patients with breast and axillary surgery to prevent infection. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of using post-operative antibiotic (extended regimen) in breast cancer surgery to decrease surgical-siteinfections. Patients and Methods: One hundred and five females suffering from breast cancer were enrolled in this study (from the 1stofJan. 2014 to the 30th of Dec. 2015 in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital admitted by multiple surgeons).They were divided into two groups. Group [1] received single prophylactic dose of ceftriaxone injection 1gm preoperatively and group [2] received extended doses postoperatively1 gram twice daily for 4days,then antibioticchangedtooralroute(cefixime 400 mgoncedaily for 7days). Thepatients in both groups discharged home in the2nd  post-operative day and seen again after five days,then on the days,then on the day of removalof surgicalstitches(day10) and at day30.Allpatientshadclosedsuctionsurgicaldrainswhendischargedfromhospitalandremoved inday5. Second  generation cephalosporin was not used because it is not available. Results: During the period of this study, the incidence of wound infection was 7 (15%) in group1 and 6 (10%) in group2. The p value of the incidence of wound infection in these groups was 0.55, so it is statistically not significant. Conclusion: No statistically significant reduction in surgical wound infection among those received postoperative extended doses of antibiotic prophylaxis (i.e.group2) compared with those who received preoperative single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis (i.e.group1)

Depth Dependence Radon Study in Indian Tube-Wells

Radon a radioactive gas arising from decay of 226 Ra, has been recognized to be one of the major contributors to the natural radiation. In the present investigations, measurements of radon and its progeny were carried out under ground in Indian tube-wells at different depths situated at A.M.U., Aligarh (U.P) India. The twin chamber dosimeter cups were fixed for exposure at a depth of 5 to 35 feet with difference of 5 feet from the surface at three different locations. After exposure, the detectors were retrieved, etched and analyzed in the laboratory for the calculation of radon and its progeny. All the values of the radon concentration presents in this paper are higher than the action level (200-600 Bq.m -3 ) as recommended by ICRP

In Situ Hybridization for Molecular Detection of Human Papilloma Viral 6 / 11 DNA in Adenoctomized Tissues from A group of Iraqi Pediatric Patients

هنالك أكثر من 200 من الأنماط الجينية لفايروس الورمي الحليمي البشري والتي تم التعرف عليها من خلال  الترابط مابين الانماط الجينية ذات الاختطار الواطئ للفايروس الحليمي البشري مع مجموعة متنوعة من الأورام الفموية والبلعوم والبلعوم الأنفي وكذلك الأورام الحليمية غير الخبيثة  وتضخم الغدة. هدفت هذه الدراسة  من نوع الاستقصائية- السيطرة إلى تحديد الحمض النووي للفيروس الورمي الحليمي البشري 6/11 في انسجة الغدد البلعومية الأنفية واللوزتين لمجموعة من المرضى الذين يخضعون لاستئصال اللوزتين. تم الحصول على 60عينة من أنسجة اللوزتين الأنفية البلعومية من الأطفال الذين يعانون من تضخم اللوزتين الغدي, تضمنت 40 من أنسجة اللوزتين الأنفية البلعومية للمرضى الذين يعانون من تضخم غدي ، و 20 عينة نسجية من الأطفال  بعد عمليات التشذيب للانسجة الأنفية السفلية بدون  تغييرات مرضية ملحوظة (كمجموعة  سيطرة). تم اجراء الكشف الجزيئي عن الحامض النووي للفيروس الورمي الحليمي البشري نمط 6\11 باستخدام تقنية التهجين الموضعي ذات الحساسية العالية في عينات الأنسجة الضخمة الغدية ز تم العثور على 8 من أصل 40 تحتوي على نتائج إيجابية للحمض النووي للفيروس الحليمي البشري 6\11 حيث شكلت 20 ٪ من إجمالي الأنسجة الغدية البلعومية الأنفية.بينما لاتوجد أي اشارة موجبة للحامض النووي للفايروس الحليمي البشري نمط 6\11 في مجموعة السيطرة. أظهر التحليل الإحصائي للنتائج في هذا البحث اختلافًا كبيرًا مقارنةً  مابين مجموعتي المرضى والسيطرة عند مستوى احتمالية اقل او يساوي 5%. يمكن أن يلعب فيروس الورم الحليمي البشري ذات الاختطار الواطئ في تلك الأنسجة الغدية المتضخمة دورًا في التسبب في الأمراض و / أو يشكل عامل  لانتشار العدوى الفيروسية للانسجة الاخرىAmong more than 200 different human papilloma viral genotypes, the association of low oncogenic risk-HPV genotypes have been recognized with a variety of oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal benign tumors as well as non-neoplastic polyposis and papillomas and adenoid hypertrophy. This prospective case- control study aims to determine the rate of DNA detection of HPV genotype 6/11 in nasopharyngeal adeno- tonsillar tissues from a group of patients subjected to adenoctomy for adenoid hypertrophy . A total number of nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissue specimens from pediatric patients with adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled; 40 nasopharyngeal adeno-tonsillar tissues from patients with adenoid hypertrophy, and 20 normal nasal tissue specimens were obtained from pediatric patients following trimming operations of their inferior nasal turbinates' with unremarkable pathological changes (as an apparently healthy control group). The molecular detection methods for HPV detection were performed by using DNA probes via a recent version of chromogenic in situ hybridization specified for low- risk HPV genotypes.  Among total adenoid hypertrophied tissue specimens group, 8 out of 40 were found to contain positive results for DNA of HPV 6 / 11 genotype, constituting 20% of the total screened nasopharyngeal adenotonsillar tissues. No positive– CISH reactions were detected in the control nasal tissues. The statistical analysis of results in this research showed significant difference when compared to the control apparently healthy tissues.   The significant rate of low- oncogenic HPV genotypes detection in those adenoid hypertrophied tissues could play, in part, a role in their pathogenesis and / or constituting a herald focus for the spread of such important virally transmitted infection

Studying the Properties of Cationic Emulsified Asphalts Paving Mixture at Iraqi Environmental Conditions

Emulsified asphalt mixture is generally a mix made of emulsified asphalt with aggregate. Emulsified asphalt is manufactured from base asphalt, emulsifier agent and water. This study aims to study and improve the emulsified asphalt mixtures with using of ordinary Portland cement as filler materials for road construction and maintenance in Iraq as an alternative to the hot asphalt mixtures, due to its economical, practical and environmental advantages. Beside this study focused to test and evaluates the emulsified asphalt material properties to be used as paving mixture. The tested properties of emulsified asphalt mixture were bulk density, air voids, dry Marshall Stability, wet Marshall Stability, retained Marshall Stability, flow tests with different compaction efforts differ from standard Marshall Limitations and compared with the common used specification. The results indicate that the emulsified asphalt type cationic slow setting low viscosity (CSS-1) is very suitable with quartz type of aggregate from Al-Nibaay quarry. From many trial mixes it is found that the best percentages of initial residual bitumen content to produced adequate results for coating test ,mixing ,compaction ,curing and Marshall stability were ranged from (2.5%, 3%,3.5%,4% and 4.5%), and the optimum percentage is (3.5%).Finally it can be conducted that the emulsified asphalt mixture contained Portland cement filler material is a suitable alternative mixture to the hot asphalt mixture for road construction and specially maintenance of roadways in Iraq