The Status of Internet Addiction Disorder and its Relationship with the Mental Health; a Case Study among Medical Sciences Students of Khalkhal University

Aims: As a talented and educated groups, university students have a critical role in country, thus, their mental health has an especial importance in learning. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between internet addiction disorder and mental health among University students of Medical Sciences in Khalkhal. Instrument & Methods: As a descriptive-analytical research, this study conducted on 428 university students in Khalkhal who were studying the Medical Sciences in 2015. The instrument used in this study was a three-part questionnaire; the first part included the demographic characteristics of the participants; the second part was Young Internet Addiction Test and the third part consisted of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Sampling was done randomly. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, Pierson correlation, and multiple linear regression were used to analysis the data. Findings: 77.3 of the participants had no internet addiction, 21.7 were at the risk of internet addiction and 0.9 suffered from internet addiction. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the mental health and internet addiction disorder (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the internet addiction and mental health of students

Convection Heat Transfer Modeling of Nano-fluid Tio 2 Using Different Viscosity Theories

Abstract: In this paper, the effects of adding nanoparticles including Tio2 to a fluid media for purpose of free convection heat transfer improvement were analyzed

Informed Consent for Inclusion into Clinical Trials: A Serious Subject to Note in the Developing World Morteza

Introduction: Informed consent is a critical issue especially in conducting clinical trials that expose human life to medical or surgical interventions. It necessitates a long and complex process through which the participant ispresented with all potential favorable and non-favorable consequences upon getting enrolled in the study.Review: The process of taking informed consent is wellunderstoodin developed countries, with every effort taken to enhance and maintain the autonomy of patients and their right to make an informed choice of whether to participate or not. This may not be the case in thedeveloping world. The information given to patients before the trial might not be properly developed and presented, an issue that can result in serious threat to the decision-making process. On the other hand, investigators should remember that enrolling people into a trial withno potential benefit for themselves cannot be considered ethical. In the current debate, we aim to address the issue of how respectfully and ethically clinical research trials can be done on human subjects and what we can do to enhance the practice in an ethical context.Conclusion: Development of a system through which we could warrant all rights of study participants in all cases around the world seems far from view. However, if we are in doubt about the ethics of a clinical trial, we can ask ourselves: “what would we do, if we were in the same position our patients are in now?&#8221

Efficiency of a natural wetland for effluent polishing of a septic tank

Wetlands now days apply as a polishing system for the classical wastewater treatment, in addition of different usages. Usually wetland systems are inexpensive methods vs. expensive high technology treatment systems. Objective of this study is an evaluation of natural wetland treatment in polishing of a septic effluent. Research duration works extended for 10 months on a natural wetland system in Pardis of Mazandaran University of medical sciences and eastern north of health faculty. Wastewater quality index such as pH, EC, BOD, COD, TSS, Nitrate, Phosphorus, Ammonia and Temperature performed on the samples of influent and effluent of the system. The study showed the system works as a buffering system for flow and pH. Results indicated that average of BOD5 and TSS efficiency were 67.70and 83%, respectively. Efficiency of COD was 65.26 and 80 % for a Low and moderate strength influent respectively. Average of phosphorus, NH3 and Nitrate in effluent were 0.032 mg/L, 7.18 and 0.036 mg/L, respectively. Efficiency of ammonia and Phosphorus were slightly increased in best condition. Based on this study result, natural wetland can be success in BOD, COD, and TSS removal of the classical septic tank, but for nitrogen and Phosphorus removal do not have considerable effects

Extraction‚ purification, identification and amount verification of steroids in Sargassum glaucescens and Padina boergesni algae in Oman Sea

Padina boergesenii is one of the most abundant brown algae distributed in the north of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. In this study after sampling and preparation of Padina boergesenii by Chroform-Etanol (3-1) solvent and by Methanol has been extract. Separation and purification of the compounds was carried out using thin layer, general and inverse column chromatography, Cephadex and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structural elucidation of the constituents was based on the data obtained from H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC, DEPT and Cephadex LH-20. The steroids compounds separated from above alga were identified as 22dehydrocholesterol (1), cholesterol (2), fucosterol (3), β-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), ostreasterol (6) and two epimer of hyroxyestrol(7), based on their spectral data and from comparison with those previously reported in the literature

Report on the Recovery of a Personality Problem in a Case with Borderline Personality Disorder after Head Trauma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Borderline personality disorder which constantly changes the mood, identity and interpersonal relationship is a mental disorder classified in category B. Besides, it leads to behaviors such as drug abuse, impulsive sex and suicide which make more difficult the treatment of these patients. The aim of this study was to report the recovery of a personality problem in a case with borderline personality disorder after the head trauma. CASE REPORT: The personality signs of a 28-year-old boy who had the full criteria of borderline personality disorder including drug abuse, impulsivity, mood instability, periods of anger and aggression were significantly decreased after hitting. Personality difference and improvement of patient were shown in MMPI test and MRI indicated the structural changes in his brain. He had no problem in 4-year-follow up. CONCLUSION: This report suggested the personality and behavioral changes after head trauma. MRI results indicated that the recovery is probably caused by the destruction area in the frontal lobe and the anterior temporal lobe (near the hippocampus). Thus the importance of neuropsychological factors should be considered in creating the diagnostic criteria

Quinoa Phenological Development Modeling Based on Field Data

IntroductionClimate change is rapidly degrading the conditions of crop production. For instance, increasing salinization and aridity is forecasted to increase in most parts of the world. As a consequence, new stress-tolerant species and genotypes must be identified and used for future agriculture. Stress-tolerant species exist but are actually underutilized and neglected. Quinoa, scientifically known as Chenopodium quinoa Willd. is a member of the Amaranthaceae family. Promoting the cultivation and nutrition of quinoa will diversify food products in the country, sustainable production, increase farmers' incomes and provide part of the community's food needs. Crop simulation models have been used for various studies such as selecting the appropriate cultivar, determining the best planting date, predicting the effect of diversity and climate change on growth. Field research requires a lot of time and money, while computer simulation models can save time and money by conducting extensive experimental simulations.Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted in two regions of Yazd province with 10 separate experiments in the form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental factors included 5 promising modified lines in Yazd Salinity Research Center with Titicaca cultivar. The lines consisted of four intermediate maturity lines, numbered 1 (NSRCQE), 2 (NSRCQC), 3 (NSRCQD), and 6 (NSRCQA), one late maturity line numbered 4 (NSRCQB), and the early maturity cultivar Titicaca numbered 5. Sampling and note-taking were performed regularly, once every three days, in proportion to the progress of the phenological stages of each line. A model based on degree-day-growth was prepared in FST language. In preparing the length table, due to the short day of Quinoa, for all lines in the model up to 12.5 hours, the development rate was one, and after 13.8 hours, the development rate was zero. The base temperature in the model was 2 °C. Then, the model was calibrated and evaluated with data taken from the field.Results and DiscussionRMSE (CV) coefficient of variation between 7 to 12%, root mean square error (RMSE) between 4.4 to 6.4 days, Wilmot agreement index (d) between 0.99 to 1, model efficiency (ME) between 0.96  to 0.98, the mean deviation from the model (MB) was between 0.05 to 0.08 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was between 92 % to 98%. These values indicated a good estimate of the day to flowering of quinoa with the model written in FST language, and the values of day to flowering simulated gained the necessary validity. The coefficient of variation of nRMSE (CV) is between 6.8 to 8.6%, the root mean square error (RMSE) is between 6.2 and 8.7 days, the Wilmot agreement index (d) is between 0.75 and 0.92, The mean deviation from the model (MB) was between 0.05 to 0.08 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was between 92% and 98%. These values indicated a good estimate of the day to physiological maturity with the model written in the FST language, and the day values to the simulated physiological maturity gained the necessary validity. Calibration and evaluation of model efficiency using root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of variation or nRMSE percentage (CV), Wilmot agreement index (d), model efficiency (ME), and mean model deviation (MB), coefficient of explanation (R2), line test 1: 1 day until germination, flowering and good physiological maturity was estimated.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that, the quinoa model prepared for quinoa in terms of degree-day-growth well predicts the developmental stages (emergence, flowering and maturation) of this plant in terms of maturity (early, medium and late) and can be its help determined the appropriate planting date in different areas. This calibrated sub-model can now be used to evaluate different temperature and photoperiod effects for decision making in a wide range of growth environments in quinoa cultivation systems in current and future climatic conditions. Therefore, this sub-model can be used in educational-research and applied work in the field

Prevalence and Determinants of Obesity and Overweight in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women in Islamshahr: a Population-based Study

Background & Objective: It is essential to conduct studies on factors related to obesity in both reproductive ages and menopausal period. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of general and android obesity and to assess determinants of overweight in pre- and post-menopausal women. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional, random survey of households, about 610 women 20-65 years were recruited. Data were collected via interviews with the participants. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured as well. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist to hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Overweight and general obesity were defined as 25≤BMI<30 and BMI≥30, respectively. Android obesity was defined as WHR≥0.85. Results: The prevalence of overweight and general obesity was 90.6% in the premenopausal women; and 72.6% in the post-menopausal women. About 75% and 41.9% of pre- and post-menopausal women had android obesity, respectively. Low literate post-menopausal women had significantly more general and android obesities. In addition, postmenopausal women with more parity had more android obesity. Pre-menopausal women with low literacy and housewives had significantly more general and android obesities. In addition, pre-menopausal women with more parity had less general obesity and more android obesity. In these women, android obesity was increased with age and decreased with physical activity. Conclusion: The prevalence of general and android obesities was high in Islamshahr women, especially in the post-menopausal women. This result indicates that the women have potential risks for various diseases