Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview

[EN] Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide is considered as a viable strategy to generate fuels while closing the carbon cycle (heavily disrupted by the abuse in the exploitation of fossil resources) and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The process can be performed by heat-powered catalytic processes, albeit conversion and selectivity tend to be reduced at increasing temperatures owing to thermodynamic constraints. Recent investigations, as summarised in this overview, have proven that light activation is a distinct possibility for the promotion of CO2 hydrogenation to fuels. This effect is particularly beneficial in methanation processes, which can be enhanced under simulated solar irradiation using materials based on metallic nanoparticles as catalysts. The use of nickel, ruthenium and rhodium has led to substantial efficiencies. Light-promoted processes entail performances on a par with (or even superior to) those of thermally-induced, industrially-relevant, commercial technologies.The author thanks the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO) for financial support via a project for young researchers (CTQ2015-74138-JIN), and the ‘‘Severo Ochoa’’ programme (SEV 2012-0267). The European Union is also acknowledged for the SynCatMatch project (ERCAdG-2014-671093)Puga Vaca, A. (2016). Light-Promoted Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide¿An Overview. Topics in Catalysis. 59(15-16):1268-1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-016-0658-zS126812785915-16Centi G, Perathoner S (2009) Opportunities and prospects in the chemical recycling of carbon dioxide to fuels. Catal Today 148:191–205Aresta M, Dibenedetto A, Angelini A (2014) Catalysis for the valorization of exhaust carbon: from CO2 to chemicals, materials, and fuels. technological use of CO2. 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Superselective intra-arterial melphalan therapy for newly diagnosed and refractory retinoblastoma: results from a single institution

Sheila Thampi,1 Steven W Hetts,3 Daniel L Cooke,3 Paul J Stewart,2 Elizabeth Robbins,1 Anuradha Banerjee,1 Steven G DuBois,1 Devron Char,2 Van Halbach,3 Katherine Matthay11Department of Pediatrics, 2Department of Ophthalmology, 3Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Division of Neurointerventional Radiology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USABackground: Intra-arterial administration of melphalan chemotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of retinoblastoma. This report describes our results using superselective intra-arterial melphalan in patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma and those who were treated for progression after systemic chemotherapy.Methods: This is a retrospective review of all retinoblastoma patients treated with intra-arterial melphalan at the University of California, San Francisco from March 2010 to August 2012. Twenty eyes (16 patients) underwent 40 intra-arterial melphalan infusions, and dose was determined by age. Patients were treated at monthly intervals and received a range of 1–5 treatments. Response to therapy, toxicity, and procedural radiation exposure was assessed.Results: All patients are alive without metastatic disease at a median follow-up of 14.5 (1–29) months. Treatment with enucleation or external beam radiation was avoided in 11/20 eyes (55%) overall [6/12 (50%) in newly diagnosed eyes and 5/8 (63%) in refractory/relapsed eyes]. Response rates (per the International Classification of Retinoblastoma) were as follows: 6/7 (86%) in groups A–C and 5/13 (38%) in groups D and E. Nonhematologic and hematologic toxicities were minimal and comparable with those in previous reports. The mean procedural radiation dose was 20.2 ± 11.9 mGy per eye per procedure.Conclusion: Superselective intra-arterial melphalan therapy is effective for less advanced eyes but further modifications to therapy are required to improve results in eyes with advanced retinoblastoma.Keywords: retinoblastoma, intra-arterial, melphala

Superselective intra-arterial melphalan therapy for newly diagnosed and refractory retinoblastoma: Results from a single institution

Background: Intra-arterial administration of melphalan chemotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of retinoblastoma. This report describes our results using superselective intra-arterial melphalan in patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma and t

Superselective intra-arterial melphalan therapy for newly diagnosed and refractory retinoblastoma: Results from a single institution

Background: Intra-arterial administration of melphalan chemotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of retinoblastoma. This report describes our results using superselective intra-arterial melphalan in patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma and t

Intra-ophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma

Super-selective intra-ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SSIOAC) is an evolution of techniques designed to deliver high doses of chemotherapy to the eye to treat retinoblastoma. Initial publications appeared in 2008 detailing success of a phase I/II clinical trial using a myriad of chemotherapeutic agents but principally melphalan. Since that time, the technique has been readily adopted, and reports of its success have followed. However, with the successes have come, reports of local and systemic toxicities have been detailed in both isolated case reports and more encompassing meta-analyses. Included in these studies are development of metastatic disease and deaths due to prolonged efforts to save advanced non-seeing eyes. Additionally, preclinical modeling has detailed associated vascular complications. A recent multicenter Children’s Oncology Group Trial was closed early; results from the trial are pending