Níveis de metionina + cistina para frangos de corte nos períodos de 22 a 42 e de 43 a 49 dias de idade Levels of methionine + cystine for broilers from 22 to 42 and 43 to 49 days old

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de determinar as exigências de metionina + cistina (Met + Cis) para frangos de corte machos da linhagem Ross, dos 22 a 42 e dos 43 a 49 dias de idade. Utilizaram-se, em cada experimento, 900 frangos com peso médio inicial de 0,800 kg, aos 22 dias, e de 2,540 kg, aos 43 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e 25 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis diferentes níveis de metionina sintética (0,00; 0,04; 0,081; 0,121; 0,162 e 0,202%), correspondendo aos níveis de 0,664; 0,704; 0,744; 0,784; 0,824 e 0,864% e 0,603; 0,643; 0,683; 0,723; 0,763 e 0,803% de Met + Cis total nas dietas para as fases de 22 a 42 e de 43 a 49 dias, respectivamente. Foram avaliados consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e dos principais cortes, sendo as exigências de met + cis estimadas por meio de modelos de regressão. Considerando-se os dados obtidos, as exigências nutricionais de met + cist total foram estimadas em 0,823%, para máximo desempenho e rendimento de peito, no período 22 a 42 dias de idade, e de 0,727%, para máximo desempenho e mínima deposição de gordura abdominal, no período de 43 a 49 dias de idade.<br>Two experiments were conducted with the objective of evaluating the methionine + cystine (Met + Cis) requirements, for Ross broilers, males, from 22 to 42 and 43 to 49 days old. Nine hundred broilers averaging initial body weight of 0.800 kg at 22 days old and 2.540 kg at 43 days old were used in each experiment and allotted to a completely randomized experimental design, with six treatments, six replicates and 25 birds for experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six different sinthetic methionine levels (0.00, 0.04, 0.081, 0.121, 0.162 and 0.202%), corresponding to the levels of 0.664, 0.704, 0.744, 0.784, 0.824 and 0.864% and 0.603, 0.643, 0.683, 0.723, 0.763 and 0.803% dietary total methionine + cystine, for the phases from 22 to 42 and from 43 to 49 days old, respectively. Feed intake, body weight gain, feed:gain ratio, carcass yield and the prime cuts yield were evaluated. The methionine + cystine requirements were estimated by regression models. Considering the performance data, the nutritional requirements of total methionine + cystine were 0.823% for high performance and breast yield values, in the period from 22 to 42 days old, and 0.727% for the high performance and low requirements of abdominal fat, in the period from 43 to 49 days old

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease