75 research outputs found
EntiTables: Smart Assistance for Entity-Focused Tables
Tables are among the most powerful and practical tools for organizing and
working with data. Our motivation is to equip spreadsheet programs with smart
assistance capabilities. We concentrate on one particular family of tables,
namely, tables with an entity focus. We introduce and focus on two specific
tasks: populating rows with additional instances (entities) and populating
columns with new headings. We develop generative probabilistic models for both
tasks. For estimating the components of these models, we consider a knowledge
base as well as a large table corpus. Our experimental evaluation simulates the
various stages of the user entering content into an actual table. A detailed
analysis of the results shows that the models' components are complimentary and
that our methods outperform existing approaches from the literature.Comment: Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR Conference on
Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR '17), 201
On-the-fly Table Generation
Many information needs revolve around entities, which would be better
answered by summarizing results in a tabular format, rather than presenting
them as a ranked list. Unlike previous work, which is limited to retrieving
existing tables, we aim to answer queries by automatically compiling a table in
response to a query. We introduce and address the task of on-the-fly table
generation: given a query, generate a relational table that contains relevant
entities (as rows) along with their key properties (as columns). This problem
is decomposed into three specific subtasks: (i) core column entity ranking,
(ii) schema determination, and (iii) value lookup. We employ a feature-based
approach for entity ranking and schema determination, combining deep semantic
features with task-specific signals. We further show that these two subtasks
are not independent of each other and can assist each other in an iterative
manner. For value lookup, we combine information from existing tables and a
knowledge base. Using two sets of entity-oriented queries, we evaluate our
approach both on the component level and on the end-to-end table generation
task.Comment: The 41st International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and
Development in Information Retrieva
A Pseudospectral Optimal Motion Planner for Autonomous Unmanned Vehicles
2010 American Control Conference, Marriott Waterfront, Baltimore, MD, USA, June 30-July 02, 2010This paper presents a pseudospectral (PS) optimal
control algorithm for the autonomous motion planning of a fleet
of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). The UGVs must traverse
an obstacle-cluttered environment while maintaining robustness
against possible collisions. The generality of the algorithm
comes from a binary logic that modifies the cost function for
various motion planning modes. Typical scenarios including
path following and multi-vehicle pursuit are demonstrated.
The proposed framework enables the availability of real-time
information to be exploited by real-time reformulation of the
optimal control problem combined with real-time computation.
This allows the each vehicle to accommodate potential changes
in the mission/environment and uncertain conditions. Experimental
results are presented to substantiate the utility of the
approach on a typical planning scenario
Accuracy of the Triple Test Versus Colposcopy for the Diagnosis of Premalignant and Malignant Cervical Lesions
Background: Despite the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations concerning the use of alternative tests for the detection of cervical cancer precursor lesions in low-income countries, the accuracy of these tests is a debated issue. In the present study we compare the diagnostic accuracy of the triple test with that of colposcopy for the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 328 women referred to the gynecology clinic at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences (SSUMS), Yazd, Iran, from March 2016 to June 2018. As the first step, a Pap smear was obtained from all participants. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and Lugol�s iodine (VILI) was performed in accordance with the known protocol. A colposcopy was then conducted in all participants, biopsy samples were obtained, and histological features studied. Finally, the results were compared by statistical analysis. Results: The age range of the participants was 30 - 50 years. Of 328 women, 60 (18.3 ) were postmenopausal. Two-hundred and five patients (62.5 ) had an abnormal Pap smear, 165 (50.3 ) had abnormal results on colposcopy, and 141 (43 ) had abnormal histopathology reports. The VIA was positive in 129 patients (39.3 ) and the VILI in 177 (54 ). The results of the triple test were reported to be positive in 205 cases (51.52 ). The sensitivity of the triple test in the detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions was 78.7 and 69 , respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy in the detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions was 80.1 and 72.2 , respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the triple test and colposcopy in the detection of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions was 73 versus 75 . Conclusion: Since the results of the study showed that the diagnostic accuracy of the triple test is equivalent that of colposcopy, the former may be used in low-income countries and areas lacking access to colposcopy. © 2020. All rights reserved
Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells
Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies
Perceptions of antenatal iron-folic acid supplements in urban and rural Pakistan: a qualitative study
Factors associated with non-use of antenatal iron and folic acid supplements among Pakistani women: a cross sectional household survey
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