3,237 research outputs found
A comparative examination of policy and models of disability in Korea and the UK
Over the last three decades, the understanding of disability has changed substantially, changes in theoretical debates and policy on disability now encourage society to understand and treat disabled people as ordinary citizens. However, arguably the dominance of Western theory on disability has resulted in the marginalisation of disabled peopleās experiences in non Western cultures. This paper compares disability in relation to the culture of South Korea and the UK, by attempting to articulate some of the implicit values of disability and development of the relevant disability polic
Anti-competitiveness of Instant Messenger Tying by Microsoft
In this paper, we theoretically analyze Microsoft's tying practice in the instant messenger market. Using a model that highlights distinct features of the instant messenger, which are different from the cases of the web browser and the media player, we show that Microsoft can leverage its monopoly power in the operating system (OS) market to the instant messenger market through tying strategy. Microsoft's messenger tying hurts consumers because it enables Microsoft to monopolize messenger market and so fully exploit consumer's willingness to pay to the OS-messenger bundle. However, since tying saves installing costs, consumer loss is not so serious that total surplus improves under messenger tying. Finally we show that such results are robust to the possibilities of multi-homing in the instant messenger market.Microsoft, instant messenger, tying, foreclosure, multi-homing
āSame but differentā: A visual ethnography of the everyday lives of siblings with autistic children in South Korea
This study explores the ordinary daily lives of siblings of autistic children in South Korea and draws on four theoretical perspectives: social psychological, young carers, the new sociology of childhood and cross-cultural. Building on knowledge of siblingās of autistic and other disabled children in western context, I used techniques of visual ethnography to extend understanding of the everyday lives of children with autistic siblings. Nine children, aged between aged 7 and 15, in two South Korean cities were given cameras to make 'video diaries' and 'home movies' over a two week period. This was followed by reviewing sessions with the researcher to discuss the films and invitations to prepare further, age appropriate, visual representations of family life. Interviews were also held with nine mothers and two fathers to elicit their understandings of the expectations and experiences of the child participants. Despite the modernising effects of globalisation in South Korea, the values and normative expectations of Confucian familism still provided firm foundations for family life and family expectations. Reflected by limited support from the State or voluntary organisations, the children carried important responsibilities for their autistic siblings. Important insights into their ordinary daily lives included: i) 'sacrifice' as a key part of the fulfilment of filial obligation across the life span, ii) children conceptualized their relationships with their autistic siblings as 'same but different' from those of other children; iii) the children and their autistic siblings developed 'Jeong' (strong interpersonal ties) and 'Wooriā (togetherness) that are typical of sibling relationships in Korea, iv) high value was placed on 'harmonious family life' with significant implications for the siblings' daily lives, v) autism was integrated as part of everyday life despite experiences of stigmatising attitudes and vi) invisible vulnerabilities were reinforced by the strength of traditional expectations that discouraged consideration of die 'costs' ofā being a good siblingā. The voices and world views of the children in this study lead to the conclusion that Confucian familist values represent a source of strength as well as challenges for the siblings of autistic children in South Korea
Emergence and clashes in disabled service user organisations in South Korea
This paper explores the development and challenges of disabled service user participation within disabled peopleās organisations in South Korea at a time of rapid evolution in welfare policy and practice. Since 1990s, disabled peopleās organisations influenced by disability activisms, especially disability Dangsajajuwei, have increased significantly in South Korea. Those changes have increased disabled service userās participation for service development, delivery, and meeting key needs such as disability rights, but many disabled peopleās organisations have clashed with each other in order to take initiatives of service delivery for their own organisation. This paper concludes that Korean disabled peopleās organisations are currently facing several challenges such as 1) defining disabled peopleās organisation via Dangsajajuwei, 2) creating exclusive and selective authoritarian user groups among disabled people 3) losing a collective disabled service user's voice, 4) political and service system restraints of disabled service user participation, that are major threats towards the development of service user participation
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Splenectomy is associated with an aggressive tumor growth pattern and altered host immunity in an orthotopic syngeneic murine pancreatic cancer model.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether splenectomy influences the tumor growth and metastatic pattern in an orthotopic syngeneic murine pancreatic cancer model. Murine pancreatic cancer cells (PAN02) were subcutaneously injected into the flanks of nude mice. A small tumor fragment (3 mm2), harvested from a subcutaneous tumor. was orthotopically implanted in the tail of the pancreas of C57/BL6 mice without splenectomy (control group, n=15) or with simultaneous splenectomy (splenectomy group, n=15). Tumor growth and metastatic patterns were analyzed by laparotomy at 21 days after surgery. No tumor growth was found in 5 mice (33.3%) of the control group and 1 mouse (6.7%) of the splenectomy group (p=0.169). Tumor volume was significantly larger in splenectomy group (p=0.013). Peritoneal seeding was more frequently observed in the splenectomy group (11 (73.3%) vs. 4 (26.7%), p=0.011). There were no differences in the number of liver and kidney metastasis between the two groups. The ratios of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ to FoxP3+ and CD8+ to FoxP3+ were significantly higher in the control group compared to the splenectomy group (8.2 Ā± 9.3 vs. 2.4 Ā± 1.5, p=0.046; 2.5 Ā± 1.4 vs. 1.5 Ā± 0.4, p=0.031, respectively). Splenectomy enhanced tumor growth and peritoneal seeding in an orthotopic syngeneic murine pancreatic cancer mouse model. The ramification of these results are discussed for pancreatic cancer treatment
The Universe is worth pixels: Convolution Neural Network and Vision Transformers for Cosmology
We present a novel approach for estimating cosmological parameters,
, , , and one derived parameter, , from 3D
lightcone data of dark matter halos in redshift space covering a sky area of
and redshift range of , binned to
voxels. Using two deep learning algorithms, Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT), we compare their performance with the
standard two-point correlation (2pcf) function. Our results indicate that CNN
yields the best performance, while ViT also demonstrates significant potential
in predicting cosmological parameters. By combining the outcomes of Vision
Transformer, Convolution Neural Network, and 2pcf, we achieved a substantial
reduction in error compared to the 2pcf alone. To better understand the inner
workings of the machine learning algorithms, we employed the Grad-CAM method to
investigate the sources of essential information in activation maps of the CNN
and ViT. Our findings suggest that the algorithms focus on different parts of
the density field and redshift depending on which parameter they are
predicting. This proof-of-concept work paves the way for incorporating deep
learning methods to estimate cosmological parameters from large-scale
structures, potentially leading to tighter constraints and improved
understanding of the Universe.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure
Carpe Diem: On the Evaluation of World Knowledge in Lifelong Language Models
In an ever-evolving world, the dynamic nature of knowledge presents
challenges for language models that are trained on static data, leading to
outdated encoded information. However, real-world scenarios require models not
only to acquire new knowledge but also to overwrite outdated information into
updated ones. To address this under-explored issue, we introduce the temporally
evolving question answering benchmark, EvolvingQA - a novel benchmark designed
for training and evaluating LMs on an evolving Wikipedia database, where the
construction of our benchmark is automated with our pipeline using large
language models. Our benchmark incorporates question-answering as a downstream
task to emulate real-world applications. Through EvolvingQA, we uncover that
existing continual learning baselines have difficulty in updating and
forgetting outdated knowledge. Our findings suggest that the models fail to
learn updated knowledge due to the small weight gradient. Furthermore, we
elucidate that the models struggle mostly on providing numerical or temporal
answers to questions asking for updated knowledge. Our work aims to model the
dynamic nature of real-world information, offering a robust measure for the
evolution-adaptability of language models.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables; accepted at NeurIPS Syntheticdata4ML
workshop, 202
Participatory research in a pandemic: The impact of Covid-19 on co-designing research with autistic people
Social work research should adopt a critical approach to research methodology, opposing oppression that is reproduced through epistemological assumptions or research methods and processes. However, traditional approaches to autism research have often problematised and pathologized autistic1 individuals, reinforcing autistic peopleās positions as passive subjects. This has resulted in autistic people being largely excluded from the production of knowledge about autism, and about the needs of autistic people. Participatory approaches promote collaborative approaches to enquiry and posit autistic people as active co-constructors of knowledge, a stance that is congruent with social work values of social justice and liberation. However, Covid-19 is not only altering our everyday life but also upending social research. This paper discusses the challenges faced by a participatory study involving autistic people during the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper examines how Covid-19 increased the individual vulnerability of autistic participants and changed their research priorities, increased the researcherās decision-making power, and placed greater emphasis on barriers created by inaccessible methods. Covid-19 did not present novel challenges, but rather exacerbated existing tensions and inevitable challenges that are inherent in adopting an approach that aims to oppose oppression
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