Entanglement in an expanding spacetime

We show that a dynamical spacetime generates entanglement between modes of a quantum field. Conversely, the entanglement encodes information concerning the underlying spacetime structure, which hints at the prospect of applications of this observation to cosmology. Here we illustrate this point by way of an analytically exactly soluble example, that of a scalar quantum field on a two-dimensional asymptotically flat Robertson-Walker expanding spacetime. We explicitly calculate the entanglement in the far future, for a quantum field residing in the vacuum state in the distant past. In this toy universe, it is possible to fully reconstruct the parameters of the cosmic history from the entanglement entropy.Comment: 4 pages, no figures; I. F-S published previously under Fuentes-Gurid

CoachMotivation: Developing Transformational Leadership by Increasing Effective Communication Skills in the Workplace

Communication is an intrinsic part of the human experience and has been widely studied empirically and practically within organizations. It is the bedrock for many workplace behaviors and outcomes such as employee trust, engagement, job satisfaction, and transformational leadership. Nonetheless, effective communication continues to be a challenge for organizations across a variety of sectors. The current study examined whether a communications training, CoachMotivation (CM), increased perceived effective communication. CM is derived from clinical psychology skills for behavior change, namely, the Motivational Interviewing concepts of open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summary statements. This study also considered the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) as predictors of baseline perceived effective communication and whether personality predicted residual change in perceived effective communication after participating in CM training. Findings include: (a) CM training increased self-perceptions of effective communication on the total communication scale (N = 153; t [152] = -8.19, p \u3c.001, d =.66) as well as subscales of clarity (t [152] = -6.83, p \u3c.001, d =.55), responsiveness (t [152] = -6.56, p\u3c.001, d =.53), and comfort (t [152] = -7.13, p \u3c.001, d =.58); (b) Extraversion predicted perceived effective communication at baseline for the total communication scale and comfort scale (B = .19; SE = .06; p \u3c.001 and B = .14; SE = .03; p \u3c.001, respectively); (c) Openness predicted residual change in perceived effective communication on the total communication scale and comfort scale (B = .09; SE = .04; p = .043 and B = .06; SE = .03; p = .034, respectively). This research provides practical implications for using CM to enhance communication and lays the groundwork for further study of CM\u27s effects on more distal outcomes of communication as they relate to transformational leadership

The framing effect and breast cancer treatment options: Do individual characteristics play a role?

The effect of frame, or the way in which options are worded, has been shown to influence decisions in many domains; however, the literature lacks studies that examine the effect of age and other individual characteristics on susceptibility to the framing effect. Sixty-eight college-aged women ( M age = 19.10 years, SD = 1.54) and sixty-six women over the age of 60 years (M age = 70.76 years, SD = 7.10) were presented with breast cancer vignettes that varied by frame (i.e., gains option worded in terms of number of women who would be cured and loss option worded in terms of number of women who would die) and degree of risk involved (i.e., risk averse versus risk seeking). Tversky and Kaheman\u27s classic Asian disease design was adapted to create the breast cancer vignette. Participants rated the likelihood of choosing the risk-averse or the risk-seeking treatments. The influence of individual characteristics (age, experience with breast cancer, cognitive ability, cognitive processing, sensation seeking, and need for cognition) on treatment decisions was examined. When presented with the negative frame, older women made riskier decisions than did women presented with the positive frame. Frame, however, did not influence younger women\u27s decisions. Experience with breast cancer (personal and vicarious), crystallized and fluid intelligence (as assessed by the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test), analytical versus heuristic cognitive processing (as assessed by the Rational Experiential Inventory), and sensation seeking (as assessed by the Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale) were not associated with treatment decisions. Women lower in need for cognition made riskier decisions than did women higher in need for cognition, but that did not vary by frame. The age x frame interaction found using with the breast cancer vignette was also shown using general cancer and non-cancer vignettes. This indicates the interaction of age and frame is generalizable to domains other than breast cancer. Thus, the way in which options are worded influences older women\u27s decisions, which may influence outcomes, particularly in the domain of health. Results can be used to inform health professionals on the best way to present treatment information to patients

Role of the Tobacco Free Teens Mobile Application in Adolescent Smoking

Adolescent tobacco use rates have plateaued. Tobacco use education is not mandatory in all states, yet schools remain a good opportunity to reach this population. School nurses should be able to identify components of effective tobacco use prevention education programs and learn to overcome barriers to implementation of these programs. The Tobacco Free Teens mobile application is a novel tool that may decrease adolescent tobacco use rates. A pilot study found that the Tobacco Free Teens mobile application was satisfactory to most participants but appealed to girls more than boys. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this mobile application to decrease adolescent tobacco use rates

Initial phases of massive star formation in high infrared extinction clouds. II. Infall and onset of star formation

The onset of massive star formation is not well understood because of observational and theoretical difficulties. To find the dense and cold clumps where massive star formation can take place, we compiled a sample of high infrared extinction clouds, which were observed previously by us in the 1.2 mm continuum emission and ammonia. We try to understand the star-formation stages of the clumps in these high extinction clouds by studying the infall and outflow properties, the presence of a young stellar object (YSO), and the level of the CO depletion through a molecular line survey with the IRAM 30m and APEX 12m telescopes. Moreover, we want to know if the cloud morphology, quantified through the column density contrast between the clump and the clouds, has an impact on the star formation occurring inside it. We find that the HCO+(1-0) line is the most sensitive for detecting infalling motions. SiO, an outflow tracer, was mostly detected toward sources with infall, indicating that infall is accompanied by collimated outflows. The presence of YSOs within a clump depends mostly on its column density; no signs of YSOs were found below 4E22 cm-2. Star formation is on the verge of beginning in clouds that have a low column density contrast; infall is not yet present in the majority of the clumps. The first signs of ongoing star formation are broadly observed in clouds where the column density contrast between the clump and the cloud is higher than two; most clumps show infall and outflow. Finally, the most evolved clumps are in clouds that have a column density contrast higher than three; almost all clumps have a YSO, and in many clumps, the infall has already halted. Hence, the cloud morphology, based on the column density contrast between the cloud and the clumps, seems to have a direct connection with the evolutionary stage of the objects forming inside

Multiwavelength interferometric observations and modeling of circumstellar disks

We investigate the structure of the innermost region of three circumstellar disks around pre-main sequence stars HD 142666, AS 205 N, and AS 205 S. We determine the inner radii of the dust disks and, in particular, search for transition objects where dust has been depleted and inner disk gaps have formed at radii of a few tenths of AU up to several AU. We performed interferometric observations with IOTA, AMBER, and MIDI in the infrared wavelength ranges 1.6-2.5um and 8-13um with projected baseline lengths between 25m and 102m. The data analysis was based on radiative transfer simulations in 3D models of young stellar objects (YSOs) to reproduce the spectral energy distribution and the interferometric visibilities simultaneously. Accretion effects and disk gaps could be considered in the modeling approach. Results from previous studies restricted the parameter space. The objects of this study were spatially resolved in the infrared wavelength range using the interferometers. Based on these observations, a disk gap could be found for the source HD 142666 that classifies it as transition object. There is a disk hole up to a radius of R_in=0.30AU and a (dust-free) ring between 0.35AU and 0.80AU in the disk of HD 142666. The classification of AS 205 as a system of classical T Tauri stars could be confirmed using the canonical model approach, i. e., there are no hints of disk gaps in our observations.Comment: accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic

Diversity Management: An Emerging Employment/Consulting Opportunity for Sociological Practitioners

Diversity management is examined as an emerging employment and/or consulting role of possible interest to sociological practitioners. First, the general development of diversity management since the mid-1980s is traced. Demographic imperatives for diversity management as well as some definitions, emphases, procedures, and publications are identified. Second, the linkages between diversity management and sociology/sociologists are discussed, as to: (a) substantive connections, (b) special sociological insights, (c) training suggestions, and (d) corporate involvement issues

Inelastic light scattering and the excited states of many-electron quantum dots

A consistent calculation of resonant inelastic (Raman) scattering amplitudes for relatively large quantum dots, which takes account of valence-band mixing, discrete character of the spectrum in intermediate and final states, and interference effects, is presented. Raman peaks in charge and spin channels are compared with multipole strengths and with the density of energy levels in final states. A qualitative comparison with the available experimental results is given.Comment: 5 pages, accepted in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte