13 research outputs found
End of the spectacular decrease in fall-related mortality rate: Men are catching up
Objectives: We determined time trends in numbers and rates of fall-related mortality in an aging population, for men and women. Methods. We performed secular trend analysis of fall-related deaths in the older Dutch population (persons aged 65 years or older) from 1969 to 2008, using the national Official-Cause-of-Death-Statistics. Results. Between 1969 and 2008, the age-adjusted fall-related mortality rate decreased from 202.1 to 66.7 per 100 000 older persons (decrease of 67%). However, the annual percentage change (change per year) in mortality rates was not constant, and could be divided into 3 phases: (1) a rapid decrease until the mid-1980s (men -4.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -4.9, -3.2; women -6.5%; 95% CI, -7.1, -5.9), (2) flattening of the decrease until the mid-1990s (men -1.4%; 95% CI = -2.4, -0.4; women -2.0%; 95% CI = -3.4, -0.6), and (3) stable mortality rates for women (0.0%; 95% CI = -1.2, 1.3) and rising rates for men (1.9%; 95% CI = 0.6, 3.2) over the last decade. Conclusions. The spectacular decrease in fall-related mortality ended in the mid-1990s and is currently increasing in older men at
Multiway modeling and analysis in stem cell systems biology
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Systems biology refers to multidisciplinary approaches designed to uncover emergent properties of biological systems. Stem cells are an attractive target for this analysis, due to their broad therapeutic potential. A central theme of systems biology is the use of computational modeling to reconstruct complex systems from a wealth of reductionist, molecular data (e.g., gene/protein expression, signal transduction activity, metabolic activity, etc.). A number of deterministic, probabilistic, and statistical learning models are used to understand sophisticated cellular behaviors such as protein expression during cellular differentiation and the activity of signaling networks. However, many of these models are bimodal i.e., they only consider row-column relationships. In contrast, multiway modeling techniques (also known as tensor models) can analyze multimodal data, which capture much more information about complex behaviors such as cell differentiation. In particular, tensors can be very powerful tools for modeling the dynamic activity of biological networks over time. Here, we review the application of systems biology to stem cells and illustrate application of tensor analysis to model collagen-induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We applied Tucker1, Tucker3, and Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) models to identify protein/gene expression patterns during extracellular matrix-induced osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. In one case, we organized our data into a tensor of type protein/gene locus link × gene ontology category × osteogenic stimulant, and found that our cells expressed two distinct, stimulus-dependent sets of functionally related genes as they underwent osteogenic differentiation. In a second case, we organized DNA microarray data in a three-way tensor of gene IDs × osteogenic stimulus × replicates, and found that application of tensile strain to a collagen I substrate accelerated the osteogenic differentiation induced by a static collagen I substrate.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results suggest gene- and protein-level models whereby stem cells undergo transdifferentiation to osteoblasts, and lay the foundation for mechanistic, hypothesis-driven studies. Our analysis methods are applicable to a wide range of stem cell differentiation models.</p
Atendimentos de emergência por lesões decorrentes de causas externas: caracterÃsticas das vÃtimas e local de ocorrência, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2005
Supportive short-term family therapy by nursing staff in the inpatient unit: Preventing dependence and rehospitalization in the acutely ill and suicidal adolescent
Civilian gunshot wounds to the atlantoaxial spine: a report of 10 cases treated using a multidisciplinary approach
Home and Other Nontraffic Injuries Among Children and Youth in a High-Income Middle Eastern Country
Dynamic wait-listed designs for randomized trials: new designs for prevention of youth suicide
Perfil dos atendimentos a acidentes de transporte terrestre por serviços de emergência em São Paulo, 2005 Perfil de las atenciones a accidentes de transporte terrestre por servicios de emergencia en São Paulo, 2005 Land transport injuries among emergency department visits in the state of São Paulo, in 2005
OBJETIVO: Analisar as caracterÃsticas dos atendimentos decorrentes de lesões relacionadas com transporte terrestre. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 5.934 atendimentos em quatro unidades de emergências hospitalares do estado de São Paulo, em 2005. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário baseado em modelos disponibilizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. As variáveis analisadas foram: tipo de usuário (ocupante de veÃculo, pedestre, motociclista e ciclista), sexo e faixa etária e tipo de lesão sofrida. Foi utilizada análise de regressão logÃstica para testar associações entre variáveis. Foram calculadas as odds ratios com os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: A maior parte dos atendimentos foram para o sexo masculino (74,2%) e para a faixa de 20 a 29 anos (35,0%). Os usuários vulneráveis do sistema responderam por 72,4% do total de casos (motociclistas 29,8%, pedestres 24,1% e ciclistas 18,5%). As vÃtimas com idades entre zero e 14 anos que sofreram lesões eram principalmente pedestres e ciclistas; entre 15 e 39 anos predominaram os motociclistas e na faixa acima de 50 anos, pedestres. Cerca de metade dos casos sofreram lesões de menor gravidade (entorses, luxações, contusões e cortes) e a outra metade foi composta por fraturas, traumatismos crânio-encefálico e lesões de órgãos internos. As extremidades foram o segmento do corpo mais atingido, especialmente entre motociclistas. A maioria dos casos recebeu alta diretamente do setor de atendimento (87,6%). Em comparação à s mulheres, os homens apresentaram chance 1,5 vezes maior de serem internados, transferidos ou morrerem. Comparativamente aos ciclistas, os pedestres e os ocupantes de veÃculos e motociclistas apresentaram chance, respectivamente, 2,7, 2,4 e 1,9 vezes maior de serem internados, transferidos ou de morrerem. CONCLUSÕES: Entre as prioridades para a redução das lesões relacionadas ao transporte terrestre devem figurar medidas voltadas para a proteção dos usuários vulneráveis do sistema.<br>OBJETIVO: Analizar las caracterÃsticas de las atenciones derivadas de lesiones relacionadas con transporte terrestre. MÉTODOS: Fueron analizadas 5.934 atenciones en cuatro unidades de emergencias hospitalarias del estado de Sao Paulo (Sureste de Brasil), en 2005. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario basado en modelos disponibilizados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Las variables analizadas fueron: tipo de usuario (ocupante del vehÃculo, peatón, motociclista y ciclista), sexo y grupo de edad y tipo de lesión sufrida. Fue utilizado análisis de regresión logÃstica para evaluar asociaciones entre variables. Fueron calculados los odds ratios con los respectivos intervalos de confianza de 95%. RESULTADOS: La mayor parte de las atenciones fueron para el sexo masculino (74,2%) y para el grupo de 20 a 29 años (35,0%). Los usuarios vulnerables del sistema respondieron por 72,4% del total de casos (motociclistas 29,8%, peatones 24,1% y ciclistas 18,5%). Las vÃctimas con edades entre cero y 14 años que sufrieron lesiones eran principalmente peatones y ciclistas; entre 15 y 39 años predominaron los motociclistas y en edades por encima de 50 años, peatones. Cerca de la mitad de los casos sufrieron lesiones de menor gravedad (esguinces, luxaciones, contusiones y cortes) y la otra mitad estuvo compuesta por fracturas, traumatismos cráneo-encefálicos y lesiones de órganos internos. Las extremidades fueron el segmento del cuerpo más afectado, especialmente entre motociclistas. La mayorÃa de los casos recibió alta directamente del sector de atención (87,6%). En comparación con las mujeres, los hombres presentaron oportunidad 1,5 veces más de ser internados, transferidos o de morir. Comparativamente a los ciclistas, los peatones, los ocupantes de vehÃculos y motociclistas presentaron oportunidad, respectivamente, 2,7 y 1,9 veces más de ser internados, transferidos o de morir. CONCLUSIONES: Entre las prioridades para la reducción de las lesiones relacionadas al transporte terrestre deben figurar medidas dirigidas para la protección de los usuarios vulnerables del sistema.<br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of visits resulting from land transport injuries. METHODS: A total of 5,934 visits in four hospital emergency departments (ED) were analyzed, in the state of São Paulo, in 2005. A questionnaire based on the following three models was used to collect data: World Health Organization (WHO), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). Variables analyzed were as follows: type of road user (vehicle occupant, pedestrian, motorcyclist, and cyclist), sex, age group, and type of injury suffered. Logistic regression analysis was employed to test associations between variables. Odds ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: The majority of victims were males (74.2%) in the 20-to-29-year age group (35.0%). Vulnerable road users totaled 72.4% of all cases (29.8% were motorcyclists, 24.1% pedestrians, and 18.5% cyclists). Victims aged between zero and 14 years who had suffered injuries were mostly pedestrians and cyclists; motorcyclists predominated among those aged between 15 and 39 years; and pedestrians among those aged over 50 years. About half of the cases suffered minor injuries (strains, dislocations, contusions and cuts), while the other half was comprised by fractures, traumatic brain injuries and internal injuries. Extremities were the most affected body parts, particularly among motorcyclists. The majority of victims were discharged at triage (87.6%). Compared to women, men were 1.5 times more likely to be admitted or transferred, or to die. Pedestrians, vehicle occupants and motorcyclists were, respectively, 2.7, 2.4 and 1.9 times more likely to be admitted or transferred, or to die than cyclists. CONCLUSIONS: Measures aimed to protect vulnerable road users should be among the priorities to reduce land transport-related injuries