Notch Signaling Activates Yorkie Non-Cell Autonomously in Drosophila

In Drosophila imaginal epithelia, cells mutant for the endocytic neoplastic tumor suppressor gene vps25 stimulate nearby untransformed cells to express Drosophila Inhibitor-of-Apoptosis-Protein-1 (DIAP-1), conferring resistance to apoptosis non-cell autonomously. Here, we show that the non-cell autonomous induction of DIAP-1 is mediated by Yorkie, the conserved downstream effector of Hippo signaling. The non-cell autonomous induction of Yorkie is due to Notch signaling from vps25 mutant cells. Moreover, activated Notch in normal cells is sufficient to induce non-cell autonomous Yorkie activity in wing imaginal discs. Our data identify a novel mechanism by which Notch promotes cell survival non-cell autonomously and by which neoplastic tumor cells generate a supportive microenvironment for tumor growth

Investigation of the Platinum Cluster Size and Location on Zeolite KL with 129Xe NMR, XAFS and Xenon Adsorption

Although platinum clusters supported on zeolite KL (Pt/KL) were extensively investigated by other laboratories due to remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity for the conversion of linear alkanes to aromatic compounds, there was still some controversy over the cluster size and location in the zeolite channel. The controversy came from difficulty in obtaining high Pt content suitable for the physical characterization without altering the cluster size, compared with the practical catalyst samples. In the present study, we were able to increase the Pt content to 5.2 wt % without changing the physical properties of the Pt/KL, following a procedure using the ion exchange of Pt(NH3)(4)(2+). We have characterized the Pt cluster size and location on the zeolite using the chemical shift in Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon and the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) obtained at the Pt L(III) edge. Results from the Xe-129 NMR and XAFS indicate that the Pt cluster consisted of five to seven Pt atoms located inside the zeolite main channel which is formed by interconnection of cages 1.1 nm in diameter to each other in a linear way through 0.71-nm apertures. The Pt cluster has been found to chemisorb approximately two hydrogen atoms per total Pt at 296 K. The Pt cluster adsorbed as much as 0.4 Xe/Pt at 296 K, which is much more than 0.07 Xe/Pt obtained for a 1-nm Pt cluster entrapped inside the supercage of zeolite NaY (Pt/NaY) under the same conditions. It is believed that a cluster consisting of more than five to seven Pt atoms had difficultly adsorbing such a large quantity of xenon under the experimental condition. The small Pt cluster did not cause considerable pore blockage against the adsorption of Xe (0.43 nm in diameter) and CCl4 (0.59 nm in diameter) into the zeolite pore, indicating the location at a bulged part within the 1.1-nm pore.X1134sciescopu

Cupric ion species in Cu(II)-exchanged K - offretite gallosilicate determined by electron spin resonance and electron spin echo modulation spectroscopies

The location of Cu(II) and its interaction with deuterated adsorbates in Cu(II)-exchanged gallosilicate with the offretite channel-type structure were investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies. It is suggested that in fresh, hydrated offretite gallosilicate Cu(II) is in the main channel coordinated to three water molecules and three framework oxygens in a six-ring window of an epsilon-cage to form distorted octahedral coordination. Upon evacuation at increasing temperature, Cu(II) moves from the main channel through an epsilon-cage to a hexagonal prism, Dehydration at 400 degrees C produces one Cu(II) species located in a recessed site in a hexagonal prism based on a lack of broadening of its ESR lines by oxygen. Adsorption of polar molecules such as water, alcohols, dimethyl sulfoxide, and ammonia causes changes in the ESR spectrum of the Cu(II), indicating migration into cation positions in the main channels where adsorbate coordination can occur. However, nonpolar ethylene does nor cause migration of Cu(II). Cu(II) forms complexes with two molecules of methanol, ethanol, and propanol and one molecule of dimethyl sulfoxide based on ESEM data. Cu(II) is suggested to form a trigonal-bipyramidal complex with two ammonias in axial positions and three framework oxygens in a six-ring window of an epsilon-cage based on its ESR parameters and ESEM data.1112sciescopu

Copper(II) ionic species in Cu-II-exchanged K-offretite aluminosilicate and comparison with Cu-II-exchanged K-offretite gallosilicate determined by electron paramagnetic resonance and electron spin echo modulation spectroscopies

The location of Cu-II and its interaction with deuteriated adsorbates in Cu-II-exchanged K-offretite aluminosilicate zeolite have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron spin echo modulation (ESEM) spectroscopies and compared with those in Cu-II-exchanged K-offretite gallosilicate. Basically similar Cu-II locations to those in CuK-offretite gallosilicate are observed in CuK-offretite aluminosilicate, but there are some interesting differences. It is found that in the fresh hydrated sample, Cu-II is, in the main channel, coordinated to three water molecules and three framework oxygens in a six-ring window of an epsilon-cage to form a distorted octahedral complex. Upon evacuation at increasing temperature, Cu-II ions move from the main channel through the E-cages to hexagonal prism sites. However, the water coordinated to Cu-II is more tightly bound in the aluminosilicate than in the gallosilicate. Dehydration produces two different Cu-II species in the aluminosilicate, both believed to be located in recessed sites owing to the lack of broadening of its EPR lines by oxygen, while only one Cu-II species is located in a recessed site in the gallosilicate. Adsorption of polar molecules such as water, alcohols, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile and ammonia cause changes in the EPR spectrum of the Cu-II indicating migration into cation positions in the main channels where adsorbate coordination can occur. However, non-polar ethene does not cause migration of Cu-II. Cu-II forms complexes with two molecules of methanol, ethanol and propanol, and one molecule of dimethyl sulfoxide based on ESEM data. Cu-II forms a trigonal bipyramidal complex with two ammonias in axial positions and three framework oxygens in a six-ring window of an epsilon-cage based on EPR parameters and ESEM data, which is the same for Cu-II in CuK-offretite gallosilicate.open1110sciescopu