Liquid Lunch – Vampire Bats Feed On Invasive Feral Pigs And Other Ungulates

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Hábitos alimentares de uma guilda de peixes bentívoros em uma praia arenosa na costa Sudeste do Brasil

The feeding biology of eight species of benthivorous fishes was studied in a sandy shore at Anchieta Island, south-eastern Brazilian coast. The fishes fed mainly on Amphipoda and Mysidacea crustaceans. The diet of the most abundant species, the drum Umbrina coroides, was analyzed in three standard length classes (20-55, 56-90 and 91-135 mm). This sciaenid showed an ontogenetic diet shift from Mysidacea to Amphipoda. The feeding behaviour of the sciaenid U. coroides and the gerreid Eucinostomus gula was recorded while snorkeling. During their foraging both species uncovered small organisms buried in the sand. Notwithstanding general similarities in diet, U. coroides and E. gula presented differences in feeding behaviour and morphology. Two carangid species of the genus Trachinotus differed in diet composition and consumed a larger array of food items than the remaining fish species. Differences in diet and feeding activity between the remaining benthivorous species were noted. These differences possibly reduce overlap in resource use and favour the coexistence of guilds of benthivorous fishes on sandy shores.Os hábitos alimentares de oito espécies de peixes bentívoros foram estudados em uma praia arenosa na Ilha Anchieta, costa Sudeste do Brasil. Os peixes consumiram principalmente crustáceos das ordens Amphipoda e Mysidacea. A dieta da espécie mais abundante, o sciaenídeo Umbrina coroides, foi analisada em três classes de comprimento-padrão (20-55, 56-90 e 91-135 mm). Este sciaenídeo apresentou uma variação ontogenética na dieta, a qual variou de Mysidacea para Amphipoda. O comportamento alimentar do sciaenídeo U. coroides e do gerrídeo Eucinostomus gula foi estudado com uso de mergulho livre. Ao forragear, ambas as espécies desenterraram pequenos organismos enterrados na areia. Apesar das semelhanças gerais na dieta, U. coroides e E. gula apresentaram diferenças quanto ao comportamento alimentar e morfologia. Duas espécies de carangídeos do gênero Trachinotus diferiram quanto à composição da dieta e consumiram variedade maior de itens alimentares que as outras espécies de peixes estudadas. Diferenças de dieta e atividade alimentar entre as outras espécies bentívoras foram registradas. Estas diferenças possivelmente reduzem a sobreposição na utilização dos recursos alimentares, favorecendo a coexistência de guildas de peixes bentívoros em praias arenosas.511518Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Pollination And Breeding System Of Canna Paniculata (cannaceae) In A Montane Atlantic Rainforest: Asymmetric Dependence On A Hermit Hummingbird

We studied the pollination biology of Canna paniculata (Cannaceae), a plant species common in the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. The species presents specialized ornithophilous flowers, which in our study area are solely pollinated by the hermit hummingbird Phaethornis eurynome. Although C. paniculata is capable of bearing fruit after self-pollination, it requires pollinators for reproduction. We discuss the importance of hermit hummingbirds for the reproduction of specialized ornithophilous plants such as C. paniculata, including their asymmetric dependence on hermit hummingbirds - core pollinators in Neotropical forest ecosystems.291157160Cronk, Q., Ojeda, I., Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context (2008) Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, pp. 715-727Glinos, E., Cocucci, A.A., Pollination biology of Canna indica (Cannaceae) with particular reference to the functional morphology of the style (2011) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 291, pp. 49-58Justino, D.G., Maruyama, P.K., Oliveira, P.E., Floral resource availability and hummingbird territorial behaviour on a Neotropical savanna shrub (2012) Journal of Ornithology, 153, pp. 189-197Kay, K.M., Schemske, D.W., Pollinator assemblages and visitation rates for 11 species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae) (2003) Biotropica, 35, pp. 198-207Maruyama, P.K., Oliveira, G.M., Ferreira, C., Dalsgaard, B., Oliveira, P.E., Pollination syndromes ignored: Importance of non-ornithophilous flowers to Neotropical savanna hummingbirds (2013) Naturwissenschaften, 100, pp. 1061-1068Maruyama, P.K., Vizentin-Bugoni, J., Oliveira, G.M., Oliveira, P.E., Dalsgaard, B., Morphological and spatio-temporal mismatches shape a Neotropical savanna plant-hummingbird network (2014) Biotropica, 46, pp. 740-747Matallana, G., Godinho, M.A.S., Guilherme, F.A.G., Belisario, M., Coser, T.S., Wendt, T., Breeding systems of Bromeliaceae species: Evolution of selfing in the context of sympatric occurrence (2010) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 289, pp. 57-67McGuire, J.A., Witt, C.C., Remsen, J.V., Jr., Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds (2014) Current Biology, 24, pp. 910-916Prince, L.M., Phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Canna (Cannaceae) (2010) Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the monocotyledons, pp. 307-331. , Seberg O, Petersen G, Barfod AS, Davis J. (eds.) Aarhus, Aarhus University PressSakai, S., Kato, M., Inoue, T., Three pollination guilds and variation in floral characteristics of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae and Costaceae) (1999) American Journal of Botany, 86, pp. 646-658Sazima, I., Buzato, S., Sazima, M., The saw-billed hermit Ramphodon naevius and its flowers in southeastern Brazil (1995) Journal of Ornithology, 136, pp. 195-206Schmidt-Lebuhn, A.N., Kessler, M., Hensen, I., Hummingbirds as drivers of plant speciation? (2007) Trends in Plant Science, 12, pp. 329-331Stiles, F.G., Ecology, flowering phenology, and hummingbird pollination of some Costa Rican Heliconia species (1975) Ecology, 56, pp. 285-301Vizentin-Bugoni, J., Maruyama, P.K., Sazima, M., Processes entangling interactions in communities: Forbidden links are more important than abundance in a hummingbird-plant network (2014) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281Wolowski, M., Saad, C.F., Ashman, T.L., Freitas, L., Predominance of selfcompatibility in hummingbird-pollinated plants in the Neotropics (2013) Naturwissenschaften, 100, pp. 69-7