Real-time gamma-ray energy spectrum / dose monitor with k-α method based on sequential bayesian estimation

Murata I., Voulgaris N., Miyoshi T., et al. Real-time gamma-ray energy spectrum / dose monitor with k-α method based on sequential bayesian estimation. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 212, 111454 (2024); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111454.Medical applications of radiation have been widely spread until now. However, the exposure of medical staff is sometimes overlooked, because treatment of patients is the first priority. The purpose of this study is to develop a small and light monitor that can measure the energy spectrum and dose of gamma-rays at the same time in real-time for medical applications. Using the monitor, the medical staff could be guided to be more aware ofthe risk of radiation, and finally the exposure to them could be substantially suppressed. So far, a CsI scintillator has been chosen as a detection device of gamma-rays and combined with a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) to develop a prototype monitor. Then we confirmed its basic performance with standard gamma-ray sources. To achieve the real-time measurement, α method (sequential Bayesian estimation) was adopted and improved to propose a new unfolding process, named k-α method, with which the convergence speed could really be accelerated to realize real-time measurement. Also, gamma-ray measurements with a mixed source of 133Ba, 137Cs and 60Co were carried out to confirm the validity of the present monitor. As a result, it was found that gamma-ray energy spectrum could be estimated successfully in several-tens seconds in the field of around 6 μSv/h. For the dose estimation, the correct values could be estimated just after starting measurement

臨地実習参加前後における職業意識の変化について

Students enrolled in a registered dietitian training course were the subjects of this study. The changes in the occupational perception of (registered) dietitians before and after the on-site practical training were investigated, and the level of competency attainment before and after was evaluated. Moreover, the level of understanding of the content of the practical training subjects experienced was surveyed using a questionnaire, and the responses were examined and analyzed. In the survey conducted after the practical training, most students responded that the on-site practical training was useful. The most often cited reason was being “able to learn about the specific methods.” This response was most likely because the subjects could acquire hands-on and professional content in this training that cannot be experienced in classroom lectures at the university. These results suggest that, through the on-site practical training, students enrolled in the (registered) dietitian training course experienced the content they learned in lectures and practical training in real-life situations. Consequently, this training improved their occupational perception and enhanced their understanding and learning level of the training content. Regarding on-site practical training and lectures and practical training in the university, education with content more professional than current ones is needed

Development and validation of the 25â item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQâ 25)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146508/1/pcn12691_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146508/2/pcn12691.pd

TGR 5 signalling inhibits the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines by in vitro differentiated inflammatory and intestinal macrophages in Crohn's disease

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97471/1/imm12045.pd

Orchestrated ensemble activities constitute a hippocampal memory engram

The brain stores and recalls memories through a set of neurons, termed engram cells. However, it is unclear how these cells are organized to constitute a corresponding memory trace. We established a unique imaging system that combines Ca2+ imaging and engram identification to extract the characteristics of engram activity by visualizing and discriminating between engram and non-engram cells. Here, we show that engram cells detected in the hippocampus display higher repetitive activity than non-engram cells during novel context learning. The total activity pattern of the engram cells during learning is stable across post-learning memory processing. Within a single engram population, we detected several sub-ensembles composed of neurons collectively activated during learning. Some sub-ensembles preferentially reappear during post-learning sleep, and these replayed sub-ensembles are more likely to be reactivated during retrieval. These results indicate that sub-ensembles represent distinct pieces of information, which are then orchestrated to constitute an entire memory

Nicotiana benthamiana RanBP1-1 Is Involved in the Induction of Disease Resistance via Regulation of Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Transport of Small GTPase Ran

Plant cells enhance the tolerances to abiotic and biotic stresses via recognition of the stress, activation and nuclear import of signaling factors, up-regulation of defense genes, nuclear export of mRNA and translation of defense proteins. Nuclear pore-mediated transports should play critical roles in these processes, however, the regulatory mechanisms of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport during stress responses are largely unknown. In this study, a regulator of nuclear export of RNA and proteins, NbRanBP1-1 (Ran-binding protein1-1), was identified as an essential gene for the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants showed delayed accumulation of capsidiol, a sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin, in response to elicitor treatment, and reduced resistance to P. infestans. Abnormal accumulation of mRNA was observed in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, indicating that NbRanBP1-1 is involved in the nuclear export of mRNA. In NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants, elicitor-induced expression of defense genes, NbEAS and NbWIPK, was not affected in the early stage of defense induction, but the accumulation of NbWIPK protein was reduced. Nuclear export of the small G-protein NbRan1a was activated during the induction of plant defense, whereas this process was compromised in NbRanBP1-1-silenced plants. Silencing of genes encoding the nuclear pore proteins, Nup75 and Nup160, also caused abnormal nuclear accumulation of mRNA, defects in the nuclear export of NbRan1a, and reduced production of capsidiol, resulting in decreased resistance to P. infestans. These results suggest that nuclear export of NbRan is a key event for defense induction in N. benthamiana, and both RanBP1-1 and nucleoporins play important roles in the process

新設A看護系大学生の領域別実習前における心理社会的状況の検討

新設A看護系大学生における臨地実習前の不安、実習意欲、実習期待、コミュニケーション・スキル(以下、CS)、ソーシャル・サポートの心理社会的状況と変数間の関連を検討し実習指導に役立てることを目的に対象者85名に質問紙調査を行い、以下を明らかにした。①実習前の状態不安および特性不安は高かった。②実習意欲は中程度であるが実習期待は高かった。③CSでは「他者受容」「解読力」が高く、「表現力」「自己主張」は低いと自覚していた。④ソーシャル・サポートを受けていると知覚していた。⑤心理社会的変数間には相互に関連を認めた。なかでも状態不安と関連を認めた特性不安は、CSの「自己統制」「関係調整」と負の相関を示した。このことから不安の高い者は感情のコントロールや気持ちを他者に伝えることが苦手である可能性が示唆された。以上から不安の強い学生への慎重な関わりとアサーティブなCS向上への支援の必要性が示唆された。The aim of this study was to investigate the psychosocial status of nursing college students regarding their anxiety, training motivation, training expectations, communication skills, and social support, prior to the start of their clinical practical training, and the relationships between these variables, in order to provide useful guidance information for instructors. To achieve this, we had 85 nursing students complete a paper questionnaire at the newly established University A, and uncovered the following findings;(1)Students\u27 state and trait anxiety were both high before training commencement. (2)Training motivation was moderate, whereas training expectations were high. (3)In terms of the students\u27 communication skills, their “acceptance of others” and “decoding ability” were noticeably high, while “expressive ability” and “assertiveness” were low. (4)Students perceived themselves to be receiving social support. (5) Psychosocial variables were observed to be mutually related. In particular, trait anxiety, which itself was found to be related to state anxiety, exhibited negative correlations with the communication skills of “self-control” and “relational maintenance”. This implied that high-anxiety individuals may have weak emotional control and struggle to convey their feelings to others.The above findings suggested the necessity for instructors to connect particularly with high-anxiety students, and provide assistance to these students in improving their communication skills so that they are able to be more assertive