Heat Transfer on the Surface of Parallel Plates in the Starting Range

This research was carried out to make clear the surface heat transfer in the starting range of parallel plates. The laminar heat transfer in the range was theoretically analysed and compared with the experimental results, and the turbulent heat transfer was made clear by various experiments. In the theoretical analysis, the distributions of both velocity and temperature were approximated by the biquadratic equations and the solutions were obtained taking into consideration the fact that the velocity of the main stream accelerates as the boundary layer from the walls grow. Regarding the velocity boundary layer, the results of this solution agree well with that of the Schlichting's exact analysis. Moreover, the theoretical result of the laminar heat transfer agrees also with the experimental results. The experiments were carried out in the passage of parallel plates having flat front edges, and the influences of velocity and the breadth of passage on the length of the starting range and heat transfer were made clear. As the result, it is found that the heat transfer in this case is considerably close to that of the case of a single plate, especially in the range of turbulent boundary layer

Heat Transfer on the Surface of a Flat Plate in the Forced Flow

It is an important problem in the field of the heat exchange to make clear the surface heat transfer. Many studies have been performed regarding this problem. However, because heat transfer is influenced by numerous factors, there are many things remaining unknown. This research was carried out to make clear the effects of some of these factors on heat transfer on the surface of a flat plate in the forced flow. Especially, we wish to know the effects of the surface roughness systematically. As the first step, we experimented with the smooth flat plate which was heated or cooled while measurement was carried on. And by comparing the results with theoretical analyses, we found that our experimental method was reliable. As the next step, we experimented with the roughened plate and made clear the effects of surface roughness. The results of this experiment are : in a range of larger numbers than a certain Reynolds' number, there is formed a special turblent boundary layer which is influenced by the surface roughness, and in this range, the local heat transfer coefficient is independent of the po3ition, and its value becomes the largest when the ratio of the height to pitch of the surface roughness is 0.055

Long live pacifism! : narrative power and Japan’spacifist model

International relations research acknowledges that states can have different security policies but neglects the fact that ‘models’ may exist in the security policy realm. This article suggests that it is useful to think about models, which it argues can become examples for emulation or be undermined through narrative power. It illustrates the argument by analysing Japan’s pacifism—an alternative approach to security policy which failed to become an internationally popular model and, despite serving the country well for many years, has even lost its appeal in Japan. Conventional explanations suggest that Japan’s pacifist policies were ‘abnormal’, and that the Japanese eventually realized this. By contrast, this article argues that narratives undermined Japan’s pacifism by mobilizing deep-seated beliefs about what is realistic and unrealistic in international politics, and launches a counter-narrative that could help make pacifism a more credible model in world politics