Research Notes : India : Effect of varieties and date of sowing on the growth and yield of soybean

The recognition of highly valued soybean in India is well understood by its cultivation of 6 lakhs hectares during 1980-81 (Bhatnagar, 1980-81). Though Assam is famous as a rice growing area, the typical uplands are not properly utilized for rice because of partial to nonavailability of irrigation water. These areas are either partly used for raising rice seedlings or put to summer vegetables

Research Notes : India : Effects of sowing date and decapitation on green soybeans

Green soybean as fresh vegetable is gaining popularity in many of the soybean-producing countries of the world. Soybean as vegetable can be grown easily during rainy season because final product is harvested as immature green seed (Shanmugasundaram et al., 1982). Decapitating at 4-5 trifoliolate leaves has been found to increase the yield by 14 to 22% (Tin, 1982)

Research Notes : India : Effect of varieties and population densities on the growth and yield of soybean

The varieties of a crop with their differential genetical makeup exhibit wide variation in regard to both growth habits and ultimate yield. The main-tenance of optimum plant population will not only provide ample scope for proper growth of a variety but will largely shape the ultimate yield, because the yield of a crop in general is a function of yield per plant and plant popu-lation per unit area. Experimental evidence is available to show that optimum plant populations per unit area for different soybean varieties are not the same (Singh et al., 1974; Narayana, 1976; Reddy and Singh, 1976; Deshmukh et al., 1977)

Research Notes : India : Performance of winter soybean under varying levels of irrigation

Possibility of growing soybean during winter season has been revealed by several workers (Sarmah, 1979; Mandloi and Tiwari, 1971). But the success of a winter crop depends mainly on available soil moisture. The average rainfall for the last ten years at the station during winter months (November to March) was 104.28 rrun, which is not enough to sustain a good crop of soybea

A Brief Review on Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease of Livestock: Conventional to Molecular Tools

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins. Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. Various pen side tests, namely, lateral flow, RT-LAMP, Immunostrip tests, and so forth. are also developed for detection of the virus in field condition

Cell adhesion molecule cadherin-6 function in zebrafish cranial and lateral line ganglia development

Cadherins regulate the vertebrate nervous system development. We previously showed that cadherin-6 message (cdh6) was strongly expressed in the majority of the embryonic zebrafish cranial and lateral line ganglia during their development. Here, we present evidence that cdh6 has specific functions during cranial and lateral line ganglia and nerve development. We analyzed the consequences of cdh6 loss-of-function on cranial ganglion and nerve differentiation in zebrafish embryos. Embryos injected with zebrafish cdh6 specific antisense morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs, which suppress gene expression during development; cdh6 morphant embryos) displayed a specific phenotype, including (i) altered shape and reduced development of a subset of the cranial and lateral line ganglia (e.g., the statoacoustic ganglion and vagal ganglion) and (ii) cranial nerves were abnormally formed. These data illustrate an important role for cdh6 in the formation of cranial ganglia and their nerves