THE EFFECT OF PUGUNTANO (CURANGA FEL-TERRAE [LOUR.]) EXTRACT ON ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR (ADIPOR) IN RATS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the antidiabetic effects of puguntano (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.]) extract involve anti-inflammatory effects mediated through adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Wistar rats were induced by a combination of high-fat diet for 5 weeks and injection small dose streptozotocin 30 mg/kg bw/rat. This study was conducted in 48 T2DM rats, which were randomly assigned into two weight-matched groups (n=24, each). Only the treatment group received 0.2 mg/g bw of puguntano extract suspension through oral for 10 days. The clinical characteristics of T2DM and AdipoR were assessed before and after the treatment period. Results: The treatment group demonstrated significantly lower body weight, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but higher AdipoR than the control group (all, p<0.001). Furthermore, there were also negative correlations between AdipoR to body weight and HOMA-IR (all, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that puguntano could improve glucose metabolism and ameliorate insulin resistance and have anti-inflammatory effects mediated through AdipoR in T2DM

Correlation Between Adiponectin Receptor with Indices of Glucose Homeostasis and Mediators Of Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Rats Treated With Puguntano (Curanga felterrae Lour.) Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT Objective: Adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) regulates metabolism and has anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects. We aimed to determine the relationships between AdipoR with parameters of glucose homeostasis (FPG, insulin, and HOMA-IR), and insulin sensitivity (PPAR-γ and p38MAPK) in T2DM rats treated with puguntano (Curanga felterrae Lour.) leaf extract. Methods: T2DM was induced in Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks and weighing 180–200 g by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and low-dose streptozotocin (30mg/kg.bw) administration. The rats were then allocated randomly to a treatment group and a control group (n=24 each). The treatment group was orally administered puguntano leaf extract (200 mg/kg.bb) once daily for 10 days. Subsequently, FPG and plasma insulin were measured, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Results: There was significantly difference between treatment group and control group on AdipoR and parameter of glucose homeostasis (FPG, Insulin, HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (PPAR-γ,  p38MAPK (all, p<0.01). In both groups, there were no significantly correlations between of AdipoR with all parameter of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity except PPAR-ϒ (p <0.003) across the entire cohort of rats. Conclusion: Our data suggest that puguntano could improve glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and molecular mediators of insulin sensitivity. There were no significantly correlated between improvement of AdipoR with glucose homeostasis and molecular mediators of insulin sensitivity in T2DM

THE EFFECT OF DHAWALSAN-1 (CURANGA FEL-TERRAE [LOUR.]) EXTRACT VERSUS METFORMIN ON THE METABOLIC AND INFLAMMATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS Research Article

ABSTRACTObjectives: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an exponential rate around the world as well as in South-EastAsia regions. This study compared the effect of metformin and dhawalsan-1 (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.]) extract on metabolic and inflammatorycharacteristics in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM.Methods: In this preliminary study, consecutive sampling was used to select 24 newly diagnosed T2DM subjects to be randomly assigned into twogroups: One group received metformin 3 × 500 mg/day and another group received dhawalsan-1 extract 2 × 100 mg/day, in a double-blind fashion.Clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed before and after the 12-week treatment period.Results: After the 12-week treatment, in metformin group, a significant decrease was noted in waist circumference (p=0.005), fasting plasmaglucose (FPG; p=0.017), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p=0.021), and homeostasis model of assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B; p=0.020). Indhawalsan-1 group, a significant decrease was noted in FPG (p=0.012), HbA1c (p=0.006), and HOMA-insulin resistance (p=0.033), and a significantincrease was noted in adiponectin (p=0.008). No significant differences were found between metformin and dhawalsan-1 group in any measuredclinical characteristic after 12 weeks.Conclusions: This preliminary study indicated that dhawalsan-1 (C. fel-terrae [Lour.]) extract was effective in improving metabolic characteristicsand significantly increased adiponectin levels in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. The improvement also seemed to be comparable with that ofmetformin. Yet, Further larger studies are required to confirm these promising results.Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Metformin, Dhawalsan-1 (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.])