Vitamin D3 Induces Ido+ Tolerogenic Dcs And Enhances Treg, Reducing The Severity Of Eae

Background: A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that vitamin D is an important environmental factor in the etiology of T-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Aim: The purpose of this study was exploring the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of vitamin D3 in encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: We treated monophasic experimental autoimmune EAE, induced in Lewis rat, with vitamin D3 and adoptively transfer tolerogenic bone marrow-derived DCs generated in the presence of vitamin D3. Results: This study provides evidence that the in vivo administration of vitamin D3, as well as the adoptive transfer of vitamin D3-induced IDO+ immature/tolerogenic dendritic cells, leads to a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the lymph nodes in a rat model of MS, experimental autoimmune EAE. Concomitant with the increase in this cell population, there is a significant decrease in the number of autoreactive T cells in the central nervous system. Bone marrow-derived DCs cultivated in the presence of vitamin D3 present a tolerogenic profile with high IL-10, TNFα, and IDO expression and decreased MHC-II and CD80 expression. The adoptive transfer of IDO + DCs induces a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the lymph nodes, comparable with vitamin D3 treatment. 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Influência do óleo de linhaça sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras semipesadas Influence of linseed oil on performance and egg quality of semi-heavy laying hens

O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a influência da adição de óleo de linhaça em substituição ao óleo de soja em rações para poedeiras semipesadas sobre o desempenho e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos. Utilizaram-se 192 poedeiras da linhagem Bovans Godline com 29 semanas de idade, distribuídas em seis tratamentos, que consistiram de uma dieta controle (sem óleo vegetal) e de cinco dietas contendo 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0% de óleo de linhaça em substituição, respectivamente, a 100, 75, 50, 25 ou 0% do óleo de soja. Avaliaram-se a produção (PROD), o peso (PO) e a massa de ovo (MO), as conversões por massa (CMO) e por dúzia de ovos (CDZ), os pesos e as porcentagens de albúmen, gema e casca, a gravidade específica, os teores de matéria seca, cinzas e proteína do albúmen e da gema e o teor de colesterol e a coloração da gema. A produção, o peso do ovo, a massa de ovo e as conversões por massa e por dúzia de ovos, bem como a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos, não foram influenciados pelos níveis de óleo de linhaça na ração. Do mesmo modo, não houve efeito da inclusão de óleo de linhaça sobre a composição química dos ovos e somente a coloração da gema foi intensificada quando utilizados níveis acima de 1% de óleo de linhaça na dieta. A adição de até 2% de óleo de linhaça na ração não altera o desempenho de poedeiras semipesadas nem a qualidade interna e externa e o teor de colesterol dos ovos.<br>This experiment was carried out to evaluate the influence of the linseed oil addition in replacement of soybean oil in laying hens diets on performance and internal and external egg quality. A total of 192 laying hens Bovans Godline line with 29 week-old, were distributed to six treatments, that consisted of a control diet (without vegetal oil) and of five diets containing 2% of linseed oil in replacement of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of soybean oil, generating levels of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 % of linseed oil in the diets. The evaluated parameters were: production (PROD), egg weight (EW) and mass (EM), feed:egg mass ratio (FEM) and feed:egg dozen ratio (FED), albumen, yolk and shell weights and percentages, specific gravity, albumen and yolk dry matter, ashes and protein, yolk cholesterol and coloration. The production , EW, EM, FEM and FED, as for internal and external egg quality, were not influenced by the linseed oil levels in the diet. Likewise, no effect was observed on egg chemical composition and only yolk coloration was intensified with the levels above 1% of linseed oil in the diet. The addition of up to 2% f linseed oil on diet did not alter the performance on semi-heavy laying hens, and the internal and external egg quality and cholesterol