Establishment of Urochloa brizantha cultivars intercropped with different cereal grains

<p>Crop-livestock integration is an alternative method of rehabilitating degraded pastures. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the initial responses of morphostructural characteristics of two different <em>Urochloa brizantha </em>cultivars grown in monocropping or intercropping systems over two agricultural years. <em>U. brizantha </em>cultivars Marandu and Piatã were grown as monocrops or intercropped with corn or sorghum. A randomized block experimental design with a triple factorial scheme, two additional treatments (2x2x2+2) and four replicates was used. The following factors were tested: two <em>U. brizantha </em>cultivars (Marandu or Piatã), two intercropping combinations (with corn or sorghum), and two agricultural years (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). An additional treatment included <em>U. brizantha </em>cultivars grown as monocrops. The morphogenic and structural characteristics and forage gross production rates were evaluated in the different cropping systems. Intercropping with grain crops had a negative effect on the initial productivity of <em>U. brizantha</em>, and areas with intercropping presented higher tiller density, lower rates of leaf emergence and elongation and lower forage gross production rates relative to the monocropping systems. However, intercropping is a viable alternative to conventional monocropping systems, which was indicated by the land equivalent ratio.</p

Resíduo de laticínio em pastagem de capim Mombaça: atributos químicos da forragem e do solo

A aplicação de resíduo líquido de laticínio (RLL) no solo sob pastagens pode fornecer nutrientes a cultura e diminuir a poluição gerada por laticínios via ciclagem de nutrientes entre o campo e o meio urbano. Com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de doses resíduo líquido de laticínio (10, 50, 100, 150, 200 e 400 m³ ha-¹) de RLL, na composição química em nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P) e potássio (K) do capim Mombaça, bem como a extração destes elementos do solo, além de avaliar a fertilidade química em P, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, H+ e matéria orgânica (MO) do Neossolo Quartzarênico, foi realizado um estudo em quatro ciclos de produção, onde se observou que o RLL contribuiu para o aumento da proteína bruta, do P e do K+ vegetal. No solo foi observado aumento dos teores de P, K+, Ca2+, Na+ e MO, alterando positivamente sua fertilidade. O RLL pode substituir parcialmente a adubação fosfatada e, completamente, a adubação potássica.The application of waste liquid from the processing of milk products (RLL) in pastures might provide nutrients to the crops and also contribute to reduce of the pollution generated by industrialization processes of milk, by recycling of nutrients between the countryside and urban environment. With the objective to evaluate the use of RLL rates of 10, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 400 m³ ha-1 considering nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) chemical characteristics of Guinea grass cultivar Mombasa and the entisol fertility a study in four cycles of production was carried out. It was observed that the RLL led to increased the rude protein, P and the tissue K+ contents. The soil levels of P, K+ , Ca2+, Na+ and MO were increased, changing positively its chemical fertility. The RLL can substitute partially the phosphorus fertilization, as well as the whole potassium fertilization

Viado na escola: racismo e homofobia em trajetórias de vida-formação de professores negros

O artigo discute questões relacionadas à formação de professores negros/viados no Território Sertão do São Francisco, entre os estados da Bahia e Pernambuco. A (auto)biografia configura-se como dispositivo central na perspectiva adotada, pois revela o lugar das compreensões aqui pretendidas. Para isso, os sujeitos da investigação produziram narrativas sobre suas próprias trajetórias de vida, por meio de entrevistas (auto)biográficas, nas quais, sem roteiros estruturados, foram convidados a dizer sobre si mesmos, como tornaram-se professores. Narrar, aqui, é gesto político-científico de inscrição da presença dos sujeitos no mundo, pois lhes possibilita diversos modos de compreensão da realidade, por meio do questionamento e acionamento da memória. Acontecimentos, lugares e pessoas tecem a trama sobre o dizer-se viado, negro, professor. Nessa perspectiva metodológica, os conhecimentos se produzem na experiência do vivido pelo corpo que se diz no mundo em uma temporalidade biográfica. Aqui, estamos interessados em como o racismo e a homofobia estão presentes nessas trajetórias

Agronomic characteristics of the Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça submitted to increasing levels of phosphorus

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar o efeito da adição de doses crescentes de P2O5 sobre a altura do dossel, o número de perfilhos e a produção de matéria seca de folhas e de colmos do capim-Mombaça, em diferentes idades. Foi conduzido um experimento implantado em um Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos completos casualizados, com quatro repetições, cinco doses de P2O5 (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150kg ha-1) e uma testemunha. Para a primeira e segunda coletas, observou-se o efeito linear do fósforo sobre o perfilhamento. Para a terceira e quarta coletas, os dados ajustaram-se ao modelo quadrático. A participação das lâminas foliares na matéria seca da parte aérea diminuiu com as doses de P2O5. Por outro lado, a participação de colmos aumentou com as doses de P2O5. A produção de matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea para primeira, segunda e terceira coletas respondeu de forma linear à aplicação de P2O5 observando-se um aumento estimado de 7, 15 e 19kg ha-1 de MS por kg ha-1 de P2O5, respectivamente. Para a quarta coleta, os dados ajustaram-se ao modelo quadrático de regressão, sendo a máxima produção, 8,3Mg ha-1 de MS, obtida com a aplicação de 103kg ha-1 de P2O5.The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of the addition of increasing doses of P2O5 on the height of the dossal, number of stalks, production of dry matter of leaves and the stems of the Mombaça-grass, in different ages. The experiment was implanted in an Eutrophic Red Nitossol. The experimental designs used were complete randomized block, with four replicates, five levels of P2O5 (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150kg. ha-1) and a tester. Analyzing the first and second harvest of the pasture the tillering showed positive linear response to the increasing phosphorus levels, for the third and fourth harvest, the data were adjusted to the quadratic model. Increasing P2O5 doses decreased the leaf lamina fraction of aerial part dry matter, however raised the stems fraction. In the first, second and third harvest, aerial part dry matter production increased linearly (7, 15 and 19kg ha-1 of DM for kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively). In the fourth harvest the data were adjusted to the quadratic model of regression, the maximum production (8.3Mg ha-1 of DM) was obtained in the application of 103kg ha-1 of P2O5

Wildfire recurrence at Quilombola Kalunga territory (GO)

Kalunga Historical Site and Cultural Heritage was stablished by the law n°11.409/GO and regularized as Territory in federal scope in 2009. Its total area comprises three Goiás municipalities: Monte Alegre de Goiás, Teresina de Goiás e Cavalcante. Likewise, remnants of quilombola communities, which are "social groups that developed unique characteristics of land occupation, social, productive and religious organization throughout Brazilian historical formation" (LIMA,2012, p. 1), inhabit it. Due to being a protected area with restricted use, there is a significant amount of remnant vegetation, with large natural fuel disponibility. The practices of burning fields, among other communityowned fire uses, considerably potentialize the wildifre occurence, what makes the understanding of the wildfire phenomenom, its dynamics and main occurence and spreading causes in Kalunga Territory necessary. Studies which seeks the interaction of social aspects with the physical characteristics of the examined area's vegetation to mitigate and pre-empt environmental impacts are of paramount importance, focusing on geotechnology use for planning and fire fighting. The present Territory has expressive biologically, scenically, economically and socially relevant areas, which gives it a huge importance to the society and, mainly, to the traditional communities whose cultures are inserted within this environment. Therefore, it is sought to realize a(n) study/analysis about the occurence and recurrence of wildfires at the Quilombola Kalunga Territtory from Goiás between 2009 and 2019. For such purpose, there is going to be made a literature review on this theme, use of geotechnological tools and informations disposed at the "wildfire data bank" of the National Space Survey Institute (INPE), such as burnt outbreaks and burnt areas. These data are going to be supplemented with medium and high quality satellite images. This article is part of the "Development of the wildfire risk predictive model to the Quilombola Kalunga Territory (GO)" project, resulted by a partnership between CNPq and Prevfogo-Ibama. It is sought to assist the present fires diagnosis at the Territory and help with its management. Besides, the obtained results will contribute with environmental sensibility actions in Territory communtities.

A CRIANÇA AUTISTA E O ACOMPANHAMENTO TERAPÊUTICO ESCOLAR: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

O acompanhante terapêutico escolar é um mediador do processo de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem das crianças e busca através da sua atuação favorecer a inclusão pedagógica e social de pessoas com necessidades educativas especiais na Instituição escolar. O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de acompanhamento terapêutico escolar com uma criança autista, realizado durante quatro anos em uma escola particular da rede de ensino de Campina Grande-PB. Os dados foram registrados em um diário de campo. Foram analisados os desafios na rotina diária do aprendente e do acompanhante, particularidades das suas interações sociais, o uso de recursos pedagógicos adaptados e dificuldades do âmbito escolar. No decorrer do processo de atendimento da criança autista foram identificados vários avanços na sua aprendizagem, melhora no processo de interação com seus pares e uma diminuição nos comportamentos de crise

Decomposition of straw resulting from different strategies of recovery of degraded pastures using an integrated crop-livestock system

Several strategies have been used to improve soil fertility using integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems, and the harvest of the accompanying crop used for silage may have several benefits to the soil depending on the quantity and quality of the remaining litter, providing dry matter (DM) for no-tillage systems and nutrient mineralization for the subsequent crop. The objective of this study is to evaluate the rate of decomposition of macro- and micronutrients of the DM of litter produced in ICL systems at different harvest heights in one year. The study was developed at the Experimental Farm of UNESP in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the dry season. The study included five replications in plots of 200 m2 and was arranged in a completely randomized block design. The following treatments were analyzed: control sample-degraded pasture of signal grass; Marandu grass-pasture renewal from signal grass to Marandu grass; succession 45-planting of sorghum (forage sorghum cv. Volumax) and crop harvest at the height of 45 cm for silage followed by planting of Marandu grass; simultaneous seeding of Marandu grass and sorghum, and crop harvesting for silage at the height of 15 cm (Marandu + sorghum 15) and 45 cm (Marandu + sorghum 45) from the soil surface. After crop harvesting, proportional amounts of green mass remaining from each unit were collected, transferred to nylon bags, and placed in direct contact with the soil of the respective experimental unit. Each bag was opened every 30 days after closure for up to 270 days. In each bag, the DM, and macro- and micronutrients were analyzed, and the percentage of remaining material, daily decomposition rate, and half-life were calculated. The litter of the Marandu + sorghum 45 treatment contained the highest DM, decomposition rate, and nutrient content. The crop succession provided the best condition of the litter, with the highest DM on the soil surface, which improved soil conditions and made the soil less susceptible to degradation