Practice Scheduling and Composition in Judo

The purpose of the present study was to examine practice scheduling and composition in judo based upon motor learning theory. Practice scheduling and composition of Jiyu-renshu, Kakari-renshu, and Yakusokurenshu were analyzed from the case of the practice of A University judo team. A University judo team has a competitive level of participating in the national collegiate judo tournament. The viewpoints of analysis by motor learning theory were massed and distributed practice, random and blocked practice, whole and part practice, and variable and constant practice. Results demonstrated as follows. Massed and distributed practice, and Random and blocked practice were scheduled in Jiyu-renshu, Kakari-renshu, and Yakusoku-renshu. Whole practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu and Yakusoku-renshu by fractionation, while part practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu, Kakari-renshu, and Yakusoku-renshu. Whole practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu by simplification, while part practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu, Kakarirenshu, and Yakusoku-renshu. Whole practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu and Yakusoku-renshu by segmentation, while part practice was composed in Kakari-renshu, and Yakusoku-renshu. Variable and constant practice was composed in Jiyu-renshu, Kakari-renshu, and Yakusoku-renshu. Specific training methods were proposed for each practice

The Varieties and the Techniques of Prohibited Kansetsu-waza in Judo

In the beginning of judo, Kansetsu-waza was applied in competitions or Randori practice to attack various joints, such as an elbow, a wrist, a knee, or an ankle. Kansetsu-waza toward the elbow is permitted to apply but it is against regulations to apply Kansetsu-waza toward other joints in competitions or Randori practice in judo today. There is no prohibited Kansetsu-waza in the name list, of judo techniques or in Kata except for Ashigarami and Kotehineri. The purpose of this study was to examine the varieties and the techniques of prohibited Kansetsu-waza in judo. The analysis by means of movement morphology was conducted in this study, which was the impressionistic analysis of movement process and the proof by former literature. The varieties of prohibited Kansetsu-waza were investigated by classifying into the types of attacked joints. The techniques of prohibited Kansetsu-waza were investigated by the impressionistic analysis of its movement process based on the literature. The viewpoints of the techniques were which direction the joint was moved and what body part of Tori mainly worked in the completion phase. The varieties and the techniques of prohibited Kansetsu-waza in judo were revealed as follows. The Kansetsu-waza to attack the wrist was Kotekujiki with the wrist flexion and Gyakutekujiki with the wrist extension. That to attack fingers was Gyakuyubi with the fingers extension. That to attack the knee was Ashigarami with the knee extension and the hip internal rotation, and Ashikujikijujigatame with the knee extension. That to attack the ankle was Ashikujiki with the ankle plantar-flexion forced by Tori\u27s hands, Gyakuashikujiki with the ankle abduction and Ashizume with the ankle plantar-flexion forced by Tori\u27s body. That to attack the cervix was Kubikujiki with the cervical flexion, and Kubihineri with the cervical rotation and the cervical lateral bending. That to attack the thorax and lumbar was Koshikujikitaigatame with the thoracic and lumbar extension. To reveal the varieties and the techniques of prohibited Kansetsu-waza contribute to improve safety instructing and refereeing skills in judo because dangerous techniques and movements in competitions or Randori practice become clear

Methods of Feints in Judo Throwing Techniques

The purpose of the present study was to examine methods of feints in judo throwing techniques by being based on movement structures. The participants were 11 national intercollegiate judo players and they gave demonstrations of their own favorite throwing techniques with the feints. A seventh-dan grade judo expert and 10 participants except for a demonstrator evaluated whether 32 demonstrations contained feints or not. By their agreement on each evaluation, 18 kinds of the throwing techniques with the feints were selected for the analysis. The impressionistic analysis by means of other-observation was conducted about the phase structures of the movement process in the throwing techniques with the feints. The results demonstrated that the methods of the feints were divided into two motions, which were Tsukuri and Kake of a certain throwing technique, and that the combination methods of the feints and the throwing techniques were divided into two sorts, which were the connections to either Tsukuri or Kake of the throwing techniques. Sannohe (1999) advanced a theory that judo throwing techniques could be classified into two types : rotation and non-rotation. Binomial tests indicated that when the type of the feints was rotation and the type of the throwing techniques was non-rotation, there was a significant difference between two combination methods : 0 connections to Tsukuri and 7 connections to Kake, and that when the type of the feints was non-rotation and the type of the throwing techniques was rotation, there was a significant difference between two combination methods : 8 connections to Tsukuri and 0 connections to Kake. Results are discussed with relation to practice and instruction in feints in judo throwing techniques

The Simplified Tasks for the Step-by-Step Practice of the Judo Throwing Techniques: The Postures of One Knee and Half-Sitting

The purpose of this study was to examine the availability of the simplified tasks for the step-by-step practice of the judo throwing techniques. Participants were 12 college students who have attended the national College judo tournaments and the 16 principal throwing techniques were employed for the experiments. The simplified tasks of the throwing techniques were designed based on the opponent’s postures that were one knee and half sitting. Participants were asked to throw the opponents who assumed two kinds of the postures by 16 throwing techniques. 4 kinds of Taisabaki, which meant how to move legs, were used for the throwing trials. Binomial tests were conducted and results demonstrated that both the throwing tasks to one knee and the throwing tasks to half sitting were available for 9 throwing techniques. Neither the throwing tasks to one knee nor the throwing tasks to half sitting were available for 2 throwing techniques. The throwing tasks to one knee were not available, but the throwing tasks to half-sitting were available for 5 throwing techniques. Furthermore, appropriate Taisabaki was considered for each of the throwing techniques. The findings of this study would contribute to devise appropriate ways and means of judo practice for novices