Selection of Bacillus thuringiensis strains for the control Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae )

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, 2013.A avicultura industrial brasileira destaca-se como uma das atividades mais dinâmicas no país, entretanto os ataques de insetos-praga estão aumentando e preocupando os produtores. Dentre estas pragas avícolas, destaca-se o Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), popularmente conhecido como cascudinho da cama de frangos. Uma alternativa para o controle desses insetos é a utilização de agentes de controle biológico, como Bacillus thuringiensis, bactéria que sintetiza diferentes proteínas tóxicas a muitas pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar estirpes de B. thuringiensis tóxicas ao cascudinho da cama de frangos. Este trabalho está dividido em quatro etapas. Na primeira foi feita uma revisão sobre avicultura, A. diaperinus e B. thuringiensis, ecologia e modo de ação. Na segunda parte descreve o estabelecimento de uma criação massal de A. diaperinus em laboratório. Esta criação está estabelecida e encontra-se na oitava geração de laboratório, fato ainda não descrito na literatura. A terceira parte descreve a identificação de estirpes tóxicas a A. diaperinus, a caracterização bioquímica e molecular, a toxicidade das estripes e a ligação das toxinas a proteínas localizadas na borda escovada de células do intestino médio de A. diaperinus. Foram testadas 193 estirpes de B. thuringiensis e dessas duas estirpes se destacaram: a estirpe nativa S1806 que causou 60% de mortalidade e a estirpe de B. thuringiensis recombinante S2492 que causou mortalidade de 80% a A. diaperinus. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de ligação com as membranas contendo as BBMV’s das larvas de A. diaperinus demonstraram ligações à marcação com biotina das proteínas Cry10, Cry1Ab e Cry4B, sendo a marcação mais forte com a proteína Cry10. A quarta parte descreve o estabelecimento de um marcador para a identificação de A. diaperinus. Para este estudo foi utilizado oligonucleotídios de mtDNA, seguido de análises por PCR-RFLP que apresentaram perfis eletroforéticos, que permitiram o estabelecimento de um marcador para identificação de A. diaperinus. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe Brazilian poultry industry stands out as one of the most dynamic in the country, however the attacks of insect pests are increasing and worrying producers. Among these pests poultry, highlight the Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer, 1797) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), popularly known as mealworm from broiler litter. An alternative for the control of these insects is the use of biological control agents such as Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium that synthesizes proteins toxic to many different pests. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize strains of B. thuringiensis toxic to catfish from broiler litter. This paper is divided into four stages. The first was made a revision on poultry, A. diaperinus and B. thuringiensis, ecology and mode of action. The second part describes the establishment of a mass rearing of A. diaperinus laboratory. This creation is established and is the eighth generation of the laboratory, a fact not yet described in the literature. The third section describes the identification of strains toxic to A. diaperinus, the biochemical and molecular characterization, the toxicity of strains and toxins binding to proteins located on the edge brushed midgut cells of A. diaperinus. 193 were tested strains of B. thuringiensis strains and these two stood out: S1806 native strain that caused 60 % mortality and strain of B. thuringiensis recombinant S2492 that caused 80% mortality to A. diaperinus . The results of the binding assay with membranes containing the BBMV 's larvae of A. diaperinus connections shown biotin labeling of proteins Cry10 , Cry1Ab and Cry4B , the marking being stronger with the protein Cry10 . The fourth section describes the establishment of a marker identifying A. diaperinus. For this study we used primers of mtDNA, followed by PCR-RFLP analysis showed that electrophoretic profiles, allowing the establishment of a marker for identification of A. diaperinus

Implementation of the Reverse Drug Collection Point in a Higher Education Institution of the Federal District

Objective: To provide the academic and social community with the correct storage and disposal practices for expired, disused and/or inappropriate medicines in the higher education institution in the Federal District. Method: The collection of medicines took place within one year, between 2018 and 2019. The permanent collection box was opened at the Higher Education Institution and the manual counting of all discarded medicines. The drugs were listed in a spreadsheet according to bioequivalence classification, routes of administration, pharmaceutical forms, validity, preparation and therapeutic class. Results: Thus, the fixed active point of collection of discarded medicines in the Higher Education Institution provides a great social and environmental impact, collaborating with orientations in the society as well as promoting a permanent action of assistance to the government agencies to promote actions of correct destination of. medications that have been discarded. In the period of 1 (one) year, out of a total of 922 units, being 84 different drugs, the predominance was similar drugs. Among the routes of administration, the drugs administered orally were the most discarded. In addition, it is observed that this point was installed 1 year ago, that is, in August 2018, and medicines have been counted since 2012, that is, the population has the habit of storing these medicines even at home. Conclusion: There was a need for better clarification on the subject through incentive and orientation campaigns, as to the appropriate destination for drug residues and promotion of the rational use of medicines, in order to make society aware of the moderate use of medicines and implementation of collection points accessible to the population.</p