Ikääntyneiden ravitsemuksen oppimateriaalin tuottaminen Eksoten henkilöstölle Moodleen

Tämän toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön aiheena oli ikääntyvien ravitsemus. Työn tavoitteena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa ikääntyvien ravitsemuksen oppimateriaali Moodle verkko-oppimisalustalle Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin henkilöstön käyttöön. Lisäksi suunniteltiin ja valmistettiin intro-video, joka johdatteli ja herätti kiinnostuksen aiheeseen. Lisäksi tuotettiin tietovisa-tyyppinen kolmen vaihtoehdon kysymyssarja diojen aiheista. Kurssin sisältö koostui PowerPoint-esityksistä, joiden aiheet olivat: ravitsemus ja ikääntyminen, kuidut, D- vitamiinisuositukset, vitamiinit, muistisairaan ravitsemus,ikääntyneen ravitsemusongelmat, juominen ja nestetasapaino sekä Milloin syödään? – käytännönläheisiä vinkkejä muistisairaan kotihoitoon. Jatkossa voisi tutkia, kuinka sähköisen oppimisalustan saisi juurrutettua paremmin henkilöstön käyttöön sekä selvittää kurssin käytön esteet, jotta ne voitaisiin poistaaThe topic of this functional study was elderly nutrition. The objective of the thesis was to design and implement study material about nutrition for the elderly via Moodle eLearning environment for the use of the South Karelia Social and Health Care District staff. In addition an introductory video was designed and produced to spark interest in the topic. Also, a quiz consisting of three option questions based on topics presented in slides was produced. The course content consisted of powerPoint presentations with the following topics: nutrition and aging, fiber, vitamin D recommendations, vitamins,nutrition recommented for a person suffering from a memory disorder, problems with nutrition among the elderly, drinking and fluid balance, as well as When do we eat? - Practical tips for the home care of people suffering from a memory disorder. For further, study it could be recommented to examine how the e-learning platform could be anchored in better use for the staff, as well as to identify the obstacles to the use of the course, so that they could be removed

Follicle priming by FSH and pre-maturation culture to improve oocyte quality in vivo and in vitro

Nowadays there is strong demand to produce embryos from premium quality cattle, and we can produce embryos using oocytes collected from living premium animals by ovum-pick up (OPU) followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the developmental competence of IVF oocytes to form blastocysts is variable. The developmental competence of oocytes depends on the size and stages of follicles, and follicle-stimulating hormone priming (FSH-priming) prior to OPU can promote follicular growth and improve the developmental competence of oocytes. Furthermore, following the induction of ovulation using an injection of luteinizing hormone or gonadotropin-releasing hormone after FSH-priming, we can collect in vivo matured oocytes from ovulatory follicles, which show higher developmental competence than oocytes matured in vitro. However, the conventional protocols for FSH-priming consist of multiple FSH injection for 3-4 days, which is stressful for the animal and labor-intensive for the veterinarian. In addition, these techniques cannot be applied to IVF of oocytes collected from bovine ovaries derived from slaughterhouses, which are important sources of oocytes. Here, we review previous research focused on FSH-priming, especially for collecting in vivo matured oocytes and a simplified method for super-stimulation using a single injection of FSH. We also introduce the previous achievements using in vitro pre-maturation culture, which can improve the developmental competence of oocytes derived from non-stimulated animals. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Relationship between in vitro growth of bovine oocytes and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells cultured in medium supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein-4 and follicle stimulating hormone

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) and FSH play important regulatory roles in follicular growth and steroidogenesis in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of BMP-4 and FSH on in vitro growth (IVG) and steroidogenesis of bovine oocyte-cumulus-granulosa complexes (OCGCs). We cultured OCGCs collected from early antral follicles (0.5-1 mm) in medium without BMP-4 and FSH for 4 days and investigated the appearance of OCGCs and their steroidogenesis. During the first 4 days of IVG, morphologically normal OCGCs produced more estradiol-17 beta (E-2), but less progesterone (P-4). Morphologically normal OCGCs were subjected to an additional culture in medium supplemented with BMP-4 (0, 10, and 50 ng/mL) and FSH (0 and 0.5 ng/mL) until day 12. We examined the viability and steroidogenesis of OCGCs after 8 and 12 days of culture. Oocyte growth, characteristics of granulosa cells, and the maturational competence of oocytes were also investigated. On day 8, the viability of OCGCs cultured without FSH was higher in the 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group than in the 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the viability of groups cultured with FSH, regardless of the addition of BMP-4, and FSH improved the viability of 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group similar to 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group. The total number of granulosa cells was larger in 10 ng/mL BMP-4 group cultured with FSH than in 50 ng/mL BMP-4 group cultured with FSH on day 8 (P < 0.05). E-2 production decreased from days 8-12, and P-4 production increased throughout IVG culture, regardless of the addition of BMP-4 and FSH (P < 0.05). No significant differences in E-2 production were observed between groups from days 4-8, regardless of whether BMP-4 was added without FSH; however, E-2 production in the group cultured with 50 ng/mL BMP-4 was suppressed by FSH. BMP-4 suppressed E-2 production from days 8-12, regardless of whether FSH was added. The group cultured with 10 ng/mL BMP-4 without FSH showed the lowest P-4 production among all groups for all culture periods. OCGCs that produced mature oocytes tended to secrete more E-2 and less P-4 than OCGCs that produced immature oocytes. In conclusion, until day 8 of the NG culture, P-4 production by OCGCs was suppressed by the addition of 10 ng/mL BMP-4 in the absence of FSH, without inhibiting E-2 production. These conditions appear to mimic growing follicles until day 8 and mimic degenerating follicles from days 8-12 of culture

Effect of astaxanthin addition to an individual culture system for in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes on accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial activity

We investigated the effects of astaxanthin (Ax) on the accumulation of reactive oxygen spices (ROS) and mitochondrial activity in bovine oocytes during individual maturational culture. Oocytes were cultured individually for 22 h in multi-well plates with or without 500 ng/ml Ax. After maturational culture, ROS accumulation of oocytes was lower in Ax-treated oocytes than in non-treated oocytes (P ＜ 0.05). Mitochondrial activity was higher in Ax-treated oocytes than in non-treated oocytes (P ＜ 0.05). The development of blastocysts in the Ax-treated oocytes tended to be higher than in non-treated oocytes (P ＝ 0.06). These results indicate that Ax treatment improves the developmental competence of bovine oocytes, maybe due to the reduction of ROS accumulation and the improvement of mitochondrial activity

Extension of the culture period for the in vitro growth of bovine oocytes in the presence of bone morphogenetic protein-4 increases oocyte diameter, but impairs subsequent developmental competence

Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) inhibits luteinization of granulosa cells during in vitro growth (IVG) culture of bovine oocytes; however, oocytes derived from a 12-day IVG were less competent for development than in vivo-grown oocytes. We herein investigated whether an extended IVG culture with BMP-4 improves oocyte growth and development to blastocysts after in vitro fertilization. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were cultured for 14 or 16 days with BMP-4 (10 ng/mL), while a 12-day culture with BMP-4 served as the in vitro control. OGC viability was maintained for the 16-day culture with BMP-4 (83.2%), but was significantly lower without BMP-4 (58.9%) than the control (83.0%). Prolong-cultured oocytes at 16 days had statistically greater diameter (114.6 μm) than the control (111.7 μm). IVG oocytes with BMP-4 for the 16-day culture had a similar nuclear maturation rate to the control (approximately 67%); however, blastocyst rates in BMP-4 treated oocytes of 14- (1.8%) and 16-day (0%) IVG were statistically lower than that of 12-day IVG (9.0%). In conclusion, BMP-4 maintained OGC viability and promoted oocyte growth in a prolonged culture, but impaired the developmental competence of oocytes. Prolonged culture may not be an appropriate strategy for enhancing the developmental competence of IVG oocytes