A framework to develop intelligent system for measuring product features using open CV technique

This research aims to propose an innovative framework using ISO14649 standard to detect defects in manufactured shaped objects or geometric surfaces of non-linear products of the CNC machine. The significant importance in order to recognize the potential to improve industry product quality inspection and encourage the waste of timing machines and product rejection. Open Computer Vision (Open CV) offers a smart, non-contact measurement and cost-effective technique to fulfill the requirements. The framework depends on the new technique of Open CV, which includes two parts: an intelligent selection of work-piece capturing the image for a particular inspection of the planar interfaces such as the hole, rectangular, pocket one, and the symmetric lighting model comparison approach for measurement of defects in the matched images. The contribution of this study is to build a structure in the computer vision method with a convolution neural network that predicts the classification of the feature for better accuracy and emphasizes the significant characteristics of the image processing technique coupled with experimental data on demanding image datasets and quality inspection measures

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Co-micellization behavior in poloxamers: Dissipative particle dynamics study

10.1021/jp509237rJournal of Physical Chemistry B1192572-58

Direct visualization of the ouzo zone through aggregation-induced dye emission for the synthesis of highly monodispersed polymeric nanoparticles

10.1039/c9qm00020hMaterials Chemistry Frontiers371375-138

Cloud-inspired multiple scattering for light intensified photochemical flow reactors

10.1039/d0re00080aReaction Chemistry & Engineering561058-106

A Framework to Develop Intelligent System for Capturing Product Features Using Open CV Technique

This research aims to propose an innovative framework using ISO14649 standard to detect defects in manufactured shaped objects or geometric surfaces of non-linear products of the CNC machine. The significant importance in order to recognize the potential to improve industry product quality inspection and encourage the waste of timing machines and product rejection. Open Computer Vision (Open CV) offers a smart, non-contact measurement and cost-effective technique to fulfil the requirements. The framework depends on the new technique of Open CV, which includes two parts: an intelligent selection of work-piece capturing the image for a particular inspection of the planar interfaces such as the hole, rectangular, pocket one, and the symmetric lighting model comparison approach for measurement of defects in the matched images. The contribution of this study is to build a structure in the computer vision method with a convolution neural network that predicts the classification of the feature for better accuracy and emphasizes the significant characteristics of the image processing technique coupled with experimental data on demanding image datasets and quality inspection measures

Results from Bangladesh\u27s 2018 report card on physical activity for children and youth

Insufficient physical activity (PA) among children and youth is a global public health challenge.1 Available data suggests that a large proportion of Bangladeshi youth do not meet the recommendations of ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) guidelines.2 This is of particular concern because of the health implications of insufficient PA.3 The purpose of this paper is to summarize the results of the 2018 Bangladesh Report Card, which is a synthesis of the existing evidence of activity behaviours, available supports, and policy strategies surrounding active living in children and youth in Bangladesh.Full Tex

Highly selective, kinetically driven polymorphic selection in microfluidic emulsion-based crystallization and formulation

Crystal Growth and Design151212-21

Review on advanced CNC controller for manufacturing in Industry 4.0

The aim of the next generation of Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is to provide few key elements such as interoperability, openness, and flexibility in order to adapt with Industry 4.0. The basic nature of the CNC software systems hinders the users to improve and modify to meet the various needs of conventional CNC machine to keep up with the function of current technology. However, throughout the years, research have been conducted to overcome this issue. From the decade review made in the paper, it shows that almost 80% of the enhanced system utilizes ISO 14649 as the preferred ISO data environment due to its interoperability in receiving feedback of information between the Computer Aided technologies (CAx) and 35% (majority) of the researchers preferred Windows as their Operating System due to its flexibility in allowing modules and programs supporting the CNC machine to be developed