Main mineral contents in camel meat in Algeria

L’objectif de l’étude était de déterminer les concentrations en minéraux et en oligoéléments de la viande de dromadaire en Algérie. Des échantillons de viande de 32 dromadaires ont été recueillis. Les dosages ont été réalisés par spectroscopie d’émission atomique. Les concentrations moyennes (± erreur type) en calcium et en phosphore ont été respectivement de 33,1 ± 6,1 et 655 ± 21,3 mg / 100 g. Les teneurs en oligoéléments ont été de 14 056 ± 831 μg / 100 g pour le zinc, 6100 ± 447 μg / 100 g pour le fer, et 1322 ± 43 μg / 100 g pour le cuivre. Le facteur race a eu un effet très significatif (p < 0,001) sur les teneurs en calcium et en sodium. Aucun effet significatif (p < 0,05) de l’âge n’a été observé sur les différents minéraux étudiés. La viande de dromadaire présente des teneurs en minéraux proches de celles des autres animaux de rente

Effect of an amino acid additive on bovine milk production

En vue d’une évaluation de l’influence d’un additif alimentaire sur les performances de production chez la vache laitière, deux lots (témoin et expérimental) homogènes, sur base du stade de lactation et de l’état sanitaire, ont été constitués pour une période de deux mois. Le lot témoin recevait une ration alimentaire standard alors que la ration du lot expérimental était supplémentée à l’aide d’un additif alimentaire comportant des acides aminés et quelques oligoéléments. Les niveaux de production et la qualité du lait des deux groupes ont été comparés. Les résultats du contrôle laitier ont révélé une amélioration de la production laitière (18,0 kg du lait dans le lot expérimental vs 17.5 kg dans le lot témoin), et des paramètres physico-chimiques du lait: taux protéique (taux butyreux, lactose, densité et extrait sec dégraissé). Seuls les taux protéique et de lactose ont présenté des différences significatives. Cet additif a permis d’améliorer la production quantitative et qualitative du lait. Mots clés: additifs alimentaires, production laitière, qualité du lait, quantité du lait, vache laitièreIn order to evaluate the influence of a feed additive on the production performance of dairy cows, two homogenous lots (control and experimental) on the basis of lactation number and sanitary state were compared for two-month. The control group received a standard ration while the experimental group was supplemented with an additive containing amino acids and some trace-element. The production levels and the quality of milk of the two groups were compared. The experimental group had higher milk production (18.0 vs 17.5 kg for the control group), and physicochimical parameters (protein level, butyrous level, lactose, density and fat free dry extract). However only protein level and lactose showed significant differences. This additive had improved the quantitative and qualitative production of milk. Key words: milk production, dairy cows, food additive, quantity of milk, quality of milk

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium bovis strains isolated from cattle slaughtered at two abattoirs in Algeria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bovine Tuberculosis is prevalent in Algeria despite governmental attempts to control the disease. The objective of this study was to conduct, for the first time, molecular characterization of a population sample of <it>Mycobacterium bovis </it>strains isolated from slaughter cattle in Algeria. Between August and November 2007, 7250 animals were consecutively screened at the abattoirs of Algiers and Blida. In 260 animals, gross visible granulomatous lesions were detected and put into culture. Bacterial isolates were subsequently analysed by molecular methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Altogether, 101 bacterial strains from 100 animals were subjected to molecular characterization. <it>M. bovis </it>was isolated from 88 animals. Other bacteria isolated included one strain of <it>M. caprae</it>, four <it>Rhodococcus equi </it>strains, three Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) and five strains of other bacterial species. The <it>M. bovis </it>strains isolated showed 22 different spoligotype patterns; four of them had not been previously reported. The majority of <it>M. bovis </it>strains (89%) showed spoligotype patterns that were previously observed in strains from European cattle. Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) typing supported a link between <it>M. bovis </it>strains from Algeria and France. One spoligotype pattern has also been shown to be frequent in <it>M. bovis </it>strains from Mali although the VNTR pattern of the Algerian strains differed from the Malian strains.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>M. bovis </it>infections account for a high amount of granulomatous lesions detected in Algerian slaughter cattle during standard meat inspection at Algiers and Blida abattoir. Molecular typing results suggested a link between Algerian and European strains of <it>M. bovis</it>.</p

L'effet de l'extrait végétal de Yucca Schidigera sur l'excrétion oocystale chez le poulet de chair

In Algeria, coccidiosis constitutes one of the main constraints which hinder the development of the poultry production and is responsible for major losses to the poultry industry, reducing performance and increasing production costs, especially an increase of mortality and misuse of antibiotics. These molecules have fatal effects on the animal and public health, thus, alternatives were introduced, in particular the extracts of plants. The present study, conducted in October 2013, was carried out in five hundred broiler chicks (Hubbard F15 strain). The chicks were monitored from birth to the 52nd day. These animals, with homogeneous weight of 93 g and mixed sexes, came from the same hatchery and underwent the same environmental conditions. Animals of the first lot, identified as “Control lot” received a food exempt from any additive but antibiotics added to water. The animals of the second lot, identified as “Experimental lot”, received a water exempt from any additive and the same food added with the Yucca Schidigera extract. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the oocystale excretion by Mac Master’s method to estimate the activity of the Yucca Schidigera extract. The results highlighted an increase of oocystale excretion until 82.250 oocysts.g-1 of feces in the control lot and 22.950 oocysts.g-1 of feces in the experimental lot. The average levels of oocysts were significantly lower during three weeks from J14 to J35 in the experimental lot, then remained comparable for the rest of the experiment period (J36 to J51). These results showed that this additive considerably reduced the coccidian eggs elimination and proved its efficiency in the coccidiosis control. Keywords: Yucca Schidigera, Coccidiosis, Broilers, Antibiotics.En Algérie, la coccidiose constitue l’une des principales contraintes qui entrave le développement de la production avicole et cause d’énormes pertes économiques, en l’occurrence l’augmentation du taux de mortalité et l’usage abusif des antibiotiques. Ces derniers ont des effets néfastes sur la santé humaine et animale. Ainsi, des alternatives ont vu le jour, en particulier l’utilisation des extraits de plantes. La présente étude, mise en place en octobre 2013, a été menée dans un élevage comportant cinq cent poussins d’un jour appartenant à la souche de type chair Hubbard F15. Les poussins ont été suivis de leur naissance jusqu’au 52ème jour. Ces animaux, d’un poids homogène de 93 g et de sexes mélangés, provenaient du même couvoir et ont subi les mêmes conditions d’ambiance. Les animaux du premier lot, identifié comme «Lot témoin», recevaient un aliment exempt de tout additif mais une eau additionnée d’antibiotiques. Les animaux du deuxième lot, identifié comme «Lot expérimental», recevaient une eau de boisson exempte de tout additif et un même aliment additionné de l’extrait de Yucca Schidigera. L’objectif de cette étude a été l’évaluation de l’excrétion oocystale, par la méthode de Mac Master, pour déterminer l’activité de l’extrait de Yucca Schidigera. Les résultats ont révélé une augmentation d’excrétion oocystale jusqu’à 82.250 oocystes.g-1 de matières fécales pour le lot témoin et 22.950 oocystes.g-1 de matières fécales pour le lot expérimental. Les nombres moyens d’oocystes ont été significativement plus bas durant 3 semaines allant de J14 à J35 dans le lot expérimental, puis devenaient comparables le reste du temps de J36 à J51. Ces résultats montrent que cet additif a considérablement réduit l’élimination des œufs de coccidies et prouvé son efficacité dans la maîtrise de la coccidiose. Mots clés: Yucca Schidigera, Coccidiose, Poulet de chair, Antibiotiques. &nbsp; &nbsp

Le critere d'appartenance a un certain groupe social dans la Convention Relative au Statut des Refugies de 1951

The need for a clear definition of the concept of a "refugee" arose with compelling urgency in the wake of the marked intensification in the flow of refugees that followed the Second World War. The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees responded to this exigency: providing criteria which make it possible to identify those individuals who could be classified as refugees. The Convention limits the recognition of refugee status to those individuals who "have a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." Unlike the other criteria, the meaning of "membership of a particular social group" remains obscure. Since 1951, court judgements and scholarly publications have supplied various interpretations of this criterion: manifesting the need to have a clear definition so as to avoid weakening the very notion of a refugee. In this article Benbernou addresses the need to define this criterion 121 by analysing: (a) the historical evolution of the concept; (b) various theoretical interpretations; and (c) court judgements. Thus the author constructs a clear definition of this concept that highlights its progressive function, since it is the only criterion that can accommodate new situations that were not envisaged by the drafters of the Convention. The ejusdem generis theory is seen as providing the best interpretation of this criterion that satisfies scientific rigour as well as humanitarian exigencies. There is persecution motivated by "membership of a particular social group" when what are threatened are characteristics that are innate, immutable or such an intrinsic aspect of group identity, that forcing members to renounce to them would constitute a violation of their fundamental human rights.peer-reviewe

A new heuristic to solve the capacitated lot sizing problem in deteriorating production systems

International audienc

Effect of breed, age and sex on selenium content of dromedary

peer reviewedThe dromedary camel is able to produce meat and milk in arid conditions and its production is appreciated by the autochthon population. The aim of this study was to determine the selenium concentration in 61 Longissimus dorsi muscle samples representing three Algerian camel breeds (Tergui, Sahraoui or Naili breeds), the age of the selected camels ranged between 8 months and 13 years old. The muscle samples were collected from the slaughterhouse of Ouargla (South East Algeria) representing 41 males and 20 female. The average content of selenium was 0.216 mg.kg-1of wet tissue, which is higher than values currently reported in most ruminants. The level of Se was not influenced by age and sex. However, Tergui breed contained significantly higher selenium than other breeds, which may be due to diet composition intake. In conclusion, the meat from camels in Algeria is a good source of selenium, assessing its nutritional interest for human

Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds Alone or in Mixture over Mg₄Al_2−xCe_x Mixed Oxides

This study investigates Ce-containing MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDH), focusing on its structural and catalytic properties. Mg4Al2−xCex (x = 0; 0.4; 0.8; 2) hydrotalcite-like compounds were prepared using the co-precipitation method. The effects of cerium content and calcination temperature on the structural and catalytic properties of Ce-containing MgAl LDH were investigated. The samples were characterized by XRD, BET, Raman, XPS, and DTA/TGA techniques. The catalytic activity of the resulting compound in n-butanol oxidation was studied. Increasing the calcination temperature (from 280 to 500 °C) caused changes in the structural, textural, and reducibility properties. The Mg4Al2−xCex LDH structure series (calcined at 280 °C) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, especially for x = 2. The material’s properties improved with increased Ce content, allowing complete butanol conversion below 280 °C. The formation of active sites occupied by cerium within the LDH structure, along with its reducibility properties, contributed to the material’s performance. The Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple in the external layers enhanced O2− diffusion and their activation into nucleophilic species, facilitating butanol transformation. Adding water vapor to the reaction mixture slightly decreased the butanol oxidation, while the presence of ethyl acetate and butanol together exhibited a mutual inhibitory effect, with butanol demonstrating a more prominent influence

Mycobacterium bovis Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Algeria

International audienc