An Appropriate English-learning Activity for Japanese University Students - A Case Study of Shinshu University Students -

Article信州大学教育学部紀要. 76: 63-71 (1992)departmental bulletin pape

On-The-Fly Observing System of the Nobeyama 45-m and ASTE 10-m Telescopes

We have developed spectral line On-The-Fly (OTF) observing mode for the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45-m and the Atacama Submillimeter Telescope Experiment 10-m telescopes. Sets of digital autocorrelation spectrometers are available for OTF with heterodyne receivers mounted on the telescopes, including the focal-plane 5 x 5 array receiver, BEARS, on the 45-m. During OTF observations, the antenna is continuously driven to cover the mapped region rapidly, resulting in high observing efficiency and accuracy. Pointing of the antenna and readouts from the spectrometer are recorded as fast as 0.1 second. In this paper we report improvements made on software and instruments, requirements and optimization of observing parameters, data reduction process, and verification of the system. It is confirmed that, using optimal parameters, the OTF is about twice as efficient as conventional position-switch observing method.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

テイエネルギー ゲンシ ショウトツ ニオケル デンシテキ ソシノウ ノ Z イゾンセイ

We have examined the electron tranfer process for low energy ions Z_1 implanted into silicon, with much less velocity than the Fermi velocity. The polarization effect on the outermost orbitals was the main concern. This effect elevated the transfer probability as about 3 times as compared to the case neglecting it. This encourages Z_1-rang-oscillation observed at 0.01<ε<0.1

Creating a potential distribution map for Greater White-fronted Geese wintering in Japan

For species conservation, identifying factors that affect the distribution of the target species is essential. To provide basic information for the conservation of Greater White-fronted Geese in Japan, this study investigated factors associated with the distribution of the species by using data from the nationwide waterfowl survey. The geese were observed in 88 grid cells (about 10 km x 10 km) in 2008-2012. The maximum entropy approach was adopted to model the distribution using presence-only data. Explanatory variables were the proportion of rice field area, urban area, and lake area; distance to lakes; and maximum snow depth. Spatial filters were also included in the model to account for spatial autocorrelation. Habitat suitability for the geese was high in areas with a high proportion of rice fields, having a certain proportion of urban area and lake area and less snow. Consequently, the suitable habitats tended to be distributed on the plains along the Sea of Japan and Pacific coasts. This study represents the first step towards habitat management and restoration of Greater White-fronted Geese in Japan

Integrating prey defensive traits: contrasts of marine worms from temperate and tropical habitats

DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0195:IPDTCO]2.0.CO;2© Ecological Society of AmericaMarine worms are speciose and numerically prominent members of marine communities where they play critical roles in trophic interactions and in affecting biogeochemical cycles. Despite the ecological importance of this group, little is known about their palatability to, and defenses against, consumers. In addition, most studies of prey defenses in marine organisms have focused on overt, sessile species: few studies have investigated more mobile and behaviorally complex species that could potentially be integrating predator deterrents with refuge use and other escape behaviors. To increase our understanding of consequences of defensive traits among mobile marine prey, we surveyed the palatability of 81 species of worms from the Caribbean and warm-temperate western Atlantic. Thirty-seven percent of the species were unpalatable. Worms with differentially exposed body portions commonly defended exposed feeding appendages with chemical or structural deterrents, while palatable and undefended bodies remained sheltered within structural refuges. Unpalatable worms tended to be brightly colored and sedentary, exposed to epibenthic predators, and to occupy hard substrates. Palatable worms tended to be drab, to live in structural refuges from consumers, to be mobile, and to inhabit unconsolidated sediments. Overall, taxonomy (Sabellidae and Terebellidae) and color were the traits most strongly associated with unpalatability. Unpalatable species appeared less constrained by predation and freer to forage for long periods on higher quality surface sediments or on other invertebrates at the sediment surface (thus, potentially influencing the distribution and abundance of other species). In contrast, palatable species appeared more constrained by predation risk. They fed on lower quality subsurface sediments and foraged at times or locations where consumers were less active. These ecological patterns may be generalized to other soft-bodied prey, such as caterpillars, which show similar trends regarding palatability and lifestyle

Seasonal and sexual differences in migration timing and fat deposition in the Greater White-fronted Goose

We investigated fat deposition and the timing of departure of Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons at Lake Miyajimanuma, Hokkaido, which is the largest stopover site in northern Japan, focusing on the differences between seasons and between sexes. We assessed the fat mass of neck-banded geese by observing their abdominal profiles. In spring, the variation in departure dates among individuals was smaller than that in arrival dates, and there was a positive correlation between arrival dates and departure dates in the fall. The factors affecting decision-making relating to the timing of departure are assumed to be the time constraints of migration before breeding in the spring and on the duration of stay in the fall. The spring fat increase in females was larger than in the fall, and had a tendency to be larger than in males in the spring. The seasonal and sexual difference in fat mass increase seems to be explained by the requirement of fat for breeding after departing from the stopover site. This study supports the possibility that migratory birds adjust their fat mass and the timing of departure at stopover sites according to seasonal differences in events occurring after migration, such as breeding