American Mirror: The United States And The Empire Of Brazil In The Age Of Emancipation

This dissertation traces the triumph of free labor in the two largest slave societies of the nineteenth-century western world: the United States and Brazil. Drawing on a range of primary sources from American and Brazilian archives, it reconstructs the intense circulation of transnational agents between these two countries from the 1840s to the 1880s. It shows how these exchanges transformed the political economies of both nations: whereas Brazil attracted American capital and expertise to modernize its economic structure and accomplish a smooth transition from slave to free labor; the United States seized the opportunity to invest, develop, and encourage free labor in Brazil, which had long been under the influence of the British Empire. As vital as chattel slavery had become to the nineteenth-century world economy, a coalition of American and Brazilian reformers proposed that an even more efficient and profitable labor system could replace it. This transnational group of free labor promoters included activists, diplomats, engineers, entrepreneurs, journalists, merchants, missionaries, planters, politicians, scientists, students, among others. Working together, they promoted labor-saving machinery, new transportation technology, scientific management, and technical education. These improvements, they reckoned, would help Brazilian and American capitalists harness the potential of native-born as well as immigrant free workers to expand production and trade. This work concludes that, by the late nineteenth century, free labor had strengthened capitalism in Brazil and the United States, making American industrialists and Brazilian planters more powerful than ever before. Consequently, in neither the United States nor Brazil did the triumph of free labor result in the advancement of social justice. In fact, from the very beginning of their campaign, free labor promoters favored major capitalists: their goal was to concentrate capital, shatter traditional ways of life, and control highly mobile workers. Free labor meant eliminating slavery while, at the same time, reinforcing proletarianization

Is there an association between leukoaraiosis volume and diabetes?

Objectives: The relation between white matter loss (WML) and diabetes is still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between typical WML— and diabetesrelated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a cohort of patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Materials and methods: Ninety-three consecutive patients (mean age 71 ± 9 years; male 71) were included in a single-centre retrospective study. All the patients underwent MRI as baseline evaluation prior to CEA. A neuroradiologist blinded to the presence of risk factors calculated WML volume and number of lesions on FLAIR images using a semi-automated segmentation technique. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed to search for any association between WML volume and the number of WML lesions. The Mann—Whitney tests were used to determine significant WML differences between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the potential association of other variables. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 20.4% (n = 19). WML volume and number of WML lesions were significantly associated with diabetes (P = 0.001). A statistically significant difference in WML volume was found between diabetic and non-diabetic patients (P < 0.0001). Only diabetes, among all the investigated variables (WML volume, CAD status, age, smoking status, gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes) was significantly associated with WML (P = 0.0001)

El caso "Portillo" y los límites de la tolerancia

Fil: Saba, Roberto Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Elementos de Derecho Constitucional. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Saba, Roberto Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Teoría del Estado. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaFil: Saba, Roberto Pablo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Sociología. Buenos Aires, Argentin

Sediment features and heavy metal levels in four areas of Sardinia devoted to bivalve culture = Caratteristiche dei sedimenti e livelli di metalli pesanti in quattro aree della Sardegna idonee all’allevamento dei bivalvi

Sediment characteristics and Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations were assessed in the lagoons of Marceddì, Calich and Porto Pozzo, and in the inner part of the Gulf of Olbia. Sediment of the zones examined were quite similar, except for the Calich lagoon that showed the higher content of total organic carbon. High values of Cd, Pb and Zn were detected in the sediments of the Marceddì lagoon, while remarkable levels of Cu and Mn were found in the Calich lagoon and in the Gulf of Olbia

Volumetric analysis of carotid plaque components and cerebral microbleeds: a correlative study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to explore the association between carotid plaque volume (total and the subcomponents) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive (male 53; median age 64) patients were retrospectively analyzed. Carotid arteries were studied by using a 16-detector-row computed tomography scanner whereas brain was explored with a 1.5 Tesla system. CMBs were studied using a T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo sequence. CMBs were classified as from absent (grade 1) to severe (grade 4). Component types of the carotid plaque were defined according to the following Hounsfield unit (HU) ranges: lipid less than 60 HU; fibrous tissue from 60 to 130 HU; calcification greater than 130 HU, and plaque volumes of each component were calculated. Each carotid artery was analyzed by 2 observers. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMBs was 35.3%. A statistically significant difference was observed between symptomatic (40%) and asymptomatic (11%) patients (P value = .001; OR = 6.07). Linear regression analysis demonstrated an association between the number of CMBs and the symptoms (P = .0018). Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis found an association between the carotid plaque subcomponents and CMBs (Az = .608, .621, and .615 for calcified, lipid, and mixed components, respectively), and Mann-Whitney test confirmed this association in particular for the lipid components (P value = .0267). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study confirm the association between CMBs and symptoms and that there is an increased number of CMBs in symptomatic patients. Moreover, we found that an increased volume of the fatty component is associated with the presence and number of CMBs

O Libelo do povo: um incêndio em terras saquaremas

The first generation of romantic writers in the Brazilian Empire was strongly connected to a national project that wanted to exclude the majority of the people from political participation: Magalhães, Varnhagen and many others expressed themselves through writings that carried very conservative political positions. Notwithstanding, one among the romantic writers of the 1830’s and the 1840’s was an enthusiast of radical political ideals that emerged from the French Revolution: his name was Francisco de Sales Torres Homem, he was a talented young man that saw the principle of popular sovereignty as a true possibility to be used to consolidate the State and the Brazilian nation.A primeira geração de escritores românticos do Brasil-Império esteve fortemente ligada a um projeto de nação que visava excluir a maior parte dos brasileiros da participação política: Magalhães, Varnhagen e tantos outros expressaram através das letras concepções eminentemente conservadoras da política. Todavia, um dentre os principais românticos das décadas de 1830 e 1840 foi um entusiasta dos ideais políticos radicais surgidos da Revolução Francesa: seu nome era Francisco de Sales Torres Homem, um jovem talentoso que via o princípio da soberania popular como uma possibilidade viável para a consolidação do Estado e da nação brasileira

No huir de los tratados

The author analyses the decision made by the Supreme Court of Argentina of not complying with the mandate of the Interamerican Human Rights Court in the Fontevecchia vs. Argentina case regarding the overruling of a previous case decided by the national tribunal concerning the violation of the claimant's right to freedom of speech. The author's criticism to the Supreme Court's decision focuses on the fact that it disregarded the relevance and binding character of the decisions made by the Interamerican Human Rights Court for the States signatories of the Interamerican Human Rights Convention. Drawing from academic works of the Justices that were part of the majority, the author points out to the main critical aspects of their perspectives such as a mistaken conception of political community and interpretative community that they defend. Saba also applies the notion of law as integrity to suggest a possible alternative solution for the interpretative dispute between national and international tribunals arguing in favor of the importance of judicial dialogue as a means for identifying the meaning of fundamental rights and principles established in the Constitution and in the international treaties of human rights.Fil: Saba, Roberto P. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho. Cátedra Derecho Constitucional y Derechos Humanos. Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDossier "Algunas miradas sobre la Constitución y el Derecho Internacional". El autor analiza la decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Argentina de no cumplir con el mandato de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en el Caso Fontevecchia vs. Argentina en lo que concierne a la anulación de una sentencia del tribunal nacional que afectaba el derecho a la libertad de expresión del denunciante. La posición crítica del autor a la posición de la Corte Suprema se centra en torno a que esta ha soslayado la relevancia y el carácter vinculante de las decisiones de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos respecto de los Estados firmantes de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. A partir del estudio de trabajos académicos de los magistrados que tomaron la decisión, el autor señala aspectos problemáticos de las posturas allí desarrolladas como, por ejemplo, una visión errónea del concepto de comunidad política y de comunidad interpretativa. También aplica la noción de derecho como integridad para sugerir una posible solución alternativa a la disputa interpretativa entre tribunales internacionales y tribunales nacionales señalando la importancia del diálogo jurisdiccional como medio para identificar el significado de los principios y derechos fundamentales expresados en la Constitución Nacional y los tratados internacionales de derechos humanos