Primary brain T-cell lymphoma of the lymphoblastic type presenting as altered mental status

The authors present a case of a 56-year-old man with altered mental status. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed non-enhancing abnormalities on T2 and FLAIR imaging in the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebrum. Immunohistochemisty demonstrated precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. After treatment with methotrexate, he improved clinically without focal sensorimotor deficits and with improving orientation. MRI showed almost complete resolution of brainstem and cerebral lesions. To the authors’ knowledge, there are only five previous reports of primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Since treatable, it deserves consideration in patients with altered mental status and imaging abnormalities that include diffuse, non-enhancing changes with increased signal on T2-weighted images

Thermal Melt Processing of Metallic Alloys

Using melt superheating as a means to control the structure and properties of metallic alloys has been studied extensively and demonstrated some promising results, though the industrial implementation is limited due to the required high energy for melt heating and holding. The physical mechanisms behind this technology can be divided into two major groups: (1) achieving homogeneous metallic melt with the resultant high undercooling upon solidification and (2) formation of heterogeneous substrates either by formation or transformation of insoluble impurities. In this chapter, we first discuss the structure of melts and its changes with temperature during high-temperature holding. Although mostly of academic interest, these studies demonstrate the complexity of temperature influence on the molten and solidifying melt. Some examples on the effects of the initial melt condition on the solidification microstructures are given as well. After that we consider some practical implications of the changes in insoluble impurities with temperature on the microstructure formed during solidification in some metallic alloys. © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG