Экологический аудит радиоактивного загрязнения территории: проблемы и возможные пути их практического решения

Ecological audit of radioactive territory pollution is a special field of ecologic-legal relationship. Development of special methodology is needed for its practical implementation. Authors analyze main problems and successive stages of that procedure.Экологический аудит радиоактивного загрязнения территории представляет собой особую область эколого-правовых отношений. Для внедрения его в практику требуется разработка специальной методологии. Авторами рассмотрены основные проблемы и последовательные этапы данной процедуры

Expansion of the gamma-gliadin gene family in Aegilops and Triticum

Background - The gamma-gliadins are considered to be the oldest of the gliadin family of storage proteins in Aegilops/Triticum. However, the expansion of this multigene family has not been studied in an evolutionary perspective. Results - We have cloned 59 gamma-gliadin genes from Aegilops and Triticum species (Aegilops caudata L., Aegilops comosa Sm. in Sibth. & Sm., Aegilops mutica Boiss., Aegilops speltoides Tausch, Aegilops tauschii Coss., Aegilops umbellulata Zhuk., Aegilops uniaristata Vis., and Triticum monococcum L.) representing eight different genomes: Am, B/S, C, D, M, N, T and U. Overall, 15% of the sequences contained internal stop codons resulting in pseudogenes, but this percentage was variable among genomes, up to over 50% in Ae. umbellulata. The most common length of the deduced protein, including the signal peptide, was 302 amino acids, but the length varied from 215 to 362 amino acids, both obtained from Ae. speltoides. Most genes encoded proteins with eight cysteines. However, all Aegilops species had genes that encoded a gamma-gliadin protein of 302 amino acids with an additional cysteine. These conserved nine-cysteine gamma-gliadins may perform a specific function, possibly as chain terminators in gluten network formation in protein bodies during endosperm development. A phylogenetic analysis of gamma-gliadins derived from Aegilops and Triticum species and the related genera Lophopyrum, Crithopsis, and Dasypyrum showed six groups of genes. Most Aegilops species contained gamma-gliadin genes from several of these groups, which also included sequences from the genera Lophopyrum, Crithopsis, and Dasypyrum. Hordein and secalin sequences formed separate groups. Conclusions - We present a model for the evolution of the gamma-gliadins from which we deduce that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Aegilops/Triticum-Dasypyrum-Lophopyrum-Crithopsis already had four groups of gamma-gliadin sequences, presumably the result of two rounds of duplication of the locus

Quantitative and qualitative differences in celiac disease epitopes among durum wheat varieties identified through deep RNA-amplican sequencing

Background - Wheat gluten is important for the industrial quality of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L.). Gluten proteins are also the source of immunogenic peptides that can trigger a T cell reaction in celiac disease (CD) patients, leading to inflammatory responses in the small intestine. Various peptides with three major T cell epitopes involved in CD are derived from alpha-gliadin fraction of gluten. Alpha-gliadins are encoded by a large multigene family and amino acid variation in the CD epitopes is known to influence the immunogenicity of individual gene family members. Current commercial methods of gluten detection are unable to distinguish between immunogenic and non-immunogenic CD epitope variants and thus to accurately quantify the overall CD epitope load of a given wheat variety. Such quantification is indispensable for correct selection of wheat varieties with low potential to cause CD. Results - A 454 RNA-amplicon sequencing method was developed for alpha-gliadin transcripts encompassing the three major CD epitopes and their variants. The method was used to screen developing grains on plants of 61 different durum wheat cultivars and accessions. A dedicated sequence analysis pipeline returned a total of 304 unique alpha-gliadin transcripts, corresponding to a total of 171 'unique deduced protein fragments' of alpha-gliadins. The numbers of these fragments obtained in each plant were used to calculate quantitative and quantitative differences between the CD epitopes expressed in the endosperm of these wheat plants. A few plants showed a lower fraction of CD epitope-encoding alpha-gliadin transcripts, but none were free of CD epitopes. Conclusions - The dedicated 454 RNA-amplicon sequencing method enables 1) the grouping of wheat plants according to the genetic variation in alpha-gliadin transcripts, and 2) the screening for plants which are potentially less CD-immunogenic. The resulting alpha-gliadin sequence database will be useful as a reference in proteomics analysis regarding the immunogenic potential of mature wheat grains

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ, ЗАНИМАЮЩИХСЯ КАРАТЭ - ДО

A physiological assessment of adaptation opportunities of younger school students (n=131) which are going in for karate is given. The research has shown what classes in an author's technique promoted the best development of physical qualities and improved correctional aspect of violations of a bearing, the arches of foot and led to decrease in level of uneasiness in comparison with children engaged on usual the sports program.Дана физиологическая оценка адаптационных возможностей младших школьников (n=131), занимающихся каратэ. Исследование показало, что занятия по авторской методике способствовали лучшему развитию физических качеств и улучшали коррекционную работу нарушений осанки, сводов стоп и вело к снижению уровня тревожности детей по сравнению с учащимися занимающихся по обычной физкультурной программе

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ, ЗАНИМАЮЩИХСЯ КАРАТЭ - ДО

A physiological assessment of adaptation opportunities of younger school students (n=131) which are going in for karate is given. The research has shown what classes in an author's technique promoted the best development of physical qualities and improved correctional aspect of violations of a bearing, the arches of foot and led to decrease in level of uneasiness in comparison with children engaged on usual the sports program.Дана физиологическая оценка адаптационных возможностей младших школьников (n=131), занимающихся каратэ. Исследование показало, что занятия по авторской методике способствовали лучшему развитию физических качеств и улучшали коррекционную работу нарушений осанки, сводов стоп и вело к снижению уровня тревожности детей по сравнению с учащимися занимающихся по обычной физкультурной программе

Evaluation of reproducibility methods for total phenolic and flavonoid content in skin and flesh of potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Potato is the most consumed crop in the world has a rich source of phenolic compounds having antioxidant properties beneficial in reducing the risk of many diseases. Spectrophotometric methods, in particular the Folin-Ciocalteu method is used to quantify total phenolic content in food and plant samples but lacks proper standardized procedure. Therefore, this study was conducted during the 2019 at Lorch Potato Research Institute, Moscow region, Russia to estimate the reproducibility of spectrophotometric methods for determining the total phenolic and flavonoid content in 4 varieties of potato with different skin and flesh colors. Potato varieties viz. Udacha, Surpriz, Monakh and Vimpel were used for the study. Results obtained from 3 independent tests of the same sample for each of the varieties indicated the absence of significant differences, except for a variety Udacha. The total content of studied compounds in the skin was higher than in the flesh, with the exception of a variety Vimpel, in which no significant differences were detected. Also, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of pigmented varieties was higher both in the flesh and in the skin. The influence of a degree of flesh grinding of Surpriz variety on the total phenolic content was established. The identified differences in the total phenolic content between the tests of the variety Udacha as well as a decrease in the total phenolic content due to increase in the degree of grinding, may be a consequence of the enzymatic browning reaction. To obtain more accurate results, standardization of the grinding and extraction procedures are necessary. © 2020, Gaurav Society of Agricultural Research Information Centre. All rights reserved

Влияние тренинга по каратэ на динамику психо-эмоциональной устойчивости и обучения школьников

Own empirical data on influence of training classes in karate on dynamics of psycho-emotional stability and training of school students are presented in article. Researches it was carried out to 2 stages (the 1st stage - from 2007 to 2011; the 2nd stage from 2014 to 2015) - 48 pupils, and since 2013-2015 - 25 pupils of 8-9 classes of the Moscow school took part in research of level of emotional stability. The received these researches allowed revealing essential distinctions on indicators of the psycho-emotional status between teenagers who were trained by rules of “training occupations” by teenagers who were engaged according to the standard program of physical training at school. Researches showed that in comparison with pupils with usual physical activity, school students who in addition were engaged in karate, had smaller percent of infectious diseases, diseases of bronchial tube - pulmonary system and injuries.В статье представлены собственные эмпирические данные по влиянию тренинговых занятий по каратэ на динамику психо-эмоциональной устойчивости и обучения школьников. Исследования проводилось в 2 этапа (1 этап - с 2007 по 2011 г.; 2 этап с 2014-2015 г.). В исследовании уровня эмоциональной устойчивости в период с 2007 по 2011 г. приняли участие 48 учащихся, а с 2013-2015 гг. - 25 учащихся 8-9 классов московской школы. Полученные данные позволили выявить существенные различия по показателям психо-эмоционального статуса между подростками, которые обучались по правилам тренинговых занятий, и подростками, которые занимались по общепринятой программе физического воспитания в школе. Исследования показали, что по сравнению с учащимися с обычной физической активностью школьники, которые дополнительно занимались каратэ, имели меньший процент инфекционных болезней, заболеваний бронхо-легочной системы и травм