Mortgage Lending to Individuals in Russia during the Financial Crisis

In this paper, the authors gave an overview of the main models of mortgage lending, and presented the results of their comparative analysis. The experience of mortgage lending in developed countries during the financial crisis of 2008 is considered. It is noted that a two-level model of mortgage lending in Russia is currently used, which allows the state to control the mortgage lending market, to realize refinancing of commercial banks issuing mortgage loans using securitization. The authors considered mortgage lending in Russia during the financial crises of 2008 and 2014, and its qualitative analysis was carried out. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to conclude that the state, represented by the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML), played a crucial role in supporting mortgage lending in Russia during financial crises. It is shown that the government subsidized the interest rate on mortgage lending, which allowed not only to stabilize its volumes after the financial crisis of 2014, but also to ensure growth. The authors used the regression model for analyzing the statistical data of mortgage lending, which made it possible to identify factors that significantly influenced the volume of mortgage lending in Russia in the period under review. The results of the study have been summarized, specific recommendations aimed at further development of mortgage lending in Russia have been prepared

Adsorption of mono- and multivalent cat- and anions on DNA molecules

Adsorption of monovalent and multivalent cat- and anions on a deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) molecule from a salt solution is investigated by computer simulation. The ions are modelled as charged hard spheres, the DNA molecule as a point charge pattern following the double-helical phosphate strands. The geometrical shape of the DNA molecules is modelled on different levels ranging from a simple cylindrical shape to structured models which include the major and minor grooves between the phosphate strands. The densities of the ions adsorbed on the phosphate strands, in the major and in the minor grooves are calculated. First, we find that the adsorption pattern on the DNA surface depends strongly on its geometrical shape: counterions adsorb preferentially along the phosphate strands for a cylindrical model shape, but in the minor groove for a geometrically structured model. Second, we find that an addition of monovalent salt ions results in an increase of the charge density in the minor groove while the total charge density of ions adsorbed in the major groove stays unchanged. The adsorbed ion densities are highly structured along the minor groove while they are almost smeared along the major groove. Furthermore, for a fixed amount of added salt, the major groove cationic charge is independent on the counterion valency. For increasing salt concentration the major groove is neutralized while the total charge adsorbed in the minor groove is constant. DNA overcharging is detected for multivalent salt. Simulations for a larger ion radii, which mimic the effect of the ion hydration, indicate an increased adsorbtion of cations in the major groove.Comment: 34 pages with 14 figure

APPLICATION EXPERIENCE OF CETIRIZINE IN THERAPY AGAINST ALLERGIC DERMATOSES AMONG CHILDREN

The authors highlight the application experience of cetirizine (Parlazin, Egis, Hungary) among 27 children aged between 3 and 17 years, suffering from hives, allergic dermatitis (common and contact), atopic dermatitis and associated respiratory allergy presentations. They showed the clinical efficiency of a medication and its good tolerance.Key words: cetirizine, allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, children, treatment.</strong

APPLICATION EXPERIENCE OF CETIRIZINE IN THERAPY AGAINST ALLERGIC DERMATOSES AMONG CHILDREN

The authors highlight the application experience of cetirizine (Parlazin, Egis, Hungary) among 27 children aged between 3 and 17 years, suffering from hives, allergic dermatitis (common and contact), atopic dermatitis and associated respiratory allergy presentations. They showed the clinical efficiency of a medication and its good tolerance.Key words: cetirizine, allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, children, treatment

Interaction of bovine serum albumin with cationic imidazolium-containing amphiphiles bearing urethane fragment: Effect of hydrophobic tail length

© 2020 Complexation ability of homologous series of amphiphiles bearing imidazolium and urethane moieties (IAC-n, n = 14, 16, 18) toward bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated by various physico-chemical methods (tensiometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, spectrophotometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, circular dichroism, and transmission electron microscopy). It has been revealed, that aggregation thresholds of systems based on IAC-n could be 5–8-fold reduced by BSA addition. Fluorescent analysis allows to estimate that binding of components is favorably mediated by tryptophan amino acid residues and is driven by different forces depending on the length of amphiphile hydrophobic tail. In particular, dominate contribution of Van der Waals interactions to the complexation has been shown in the case of IAC-14 and IAC-16, while hydrophobic interactions prevailed for IAC-18. It has been demonstrated that amphiphile addition causes reversible unfolding of protein macromolecules in all cases. Spectrophotometry assay exhibits that amphiphile/BSA complexes have more significant solubilization capacity toward hydrophobic guest in comparison with individual IAC-n systems

Studies of the pathogenesis of slow neuroinfections using proteomic techniques

The etiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are still unknown. Autoimmune mechanisms are considering to be possible causes of ALS, among several other possible mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the determination of autoantibodies against proteins of the brain motor zone and skeletal muscular system in the sera of patients suffering from ALS. Autoantibodies against carbonyl reductase 1, α-enolase, 2′,3′-phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides, and pyruvate kinase 3 (isoform 2) were primarily found in the motor zone, whereas those against muscular creatine phosphokinase, myoglobine, carboanhydrase III, and troponin 1 of the fast type were identified in the skeletal muscle in the majority of patients with ALS. In addition, dynamic changes in the structure of the troponin complex were demonstrated in the tissue of skeletal muscle. The significance of the presence of autoantibodies against proteins of the brain motor zone in the sera of ALS patients is unknown. These autoantibodies most likely appeared as a secondary immunological effect of neuron damage. We can also conjecture that they accelerate the affection of muscle tissue and motoneurons. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2007

Studies of the pathogenesis of slow neuroinfections using proteomic techniques

The etiology and pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are still unknown. Autoimmune mechanisms are considering to be possible causes of ALS, among several other possible mechanisms. In this paper, we describe the determination of autoantibodies against proteins of the brain motor zone and skeletal muscular system in the sera of patients suffering from ALS. Autoantibodies against carbonyl reductase 1, α-enolase, 2′,3′-phosphodiesterase of cyclic nucleotides, and pyruvate kinase 3 (isoform 2) were primarily found in the motor zone, whereas those against muscular creatine phosphokinase, myoglobine, carboanhydrase III, and troponin 1 of the fast type were identified in the skeletal muscle in the majority of patients with ALS. In addition, dynamic changes in the structure of the troponin complex were demonstrated in the tissue of skeletal muscle. The significance of the presence of autoantibodies against proteins of the brain motor zone in the sera of ALS patients is unknown. These autoantibodies most likely appeared as a secondary immunological effect of neuron damage. We can also conjecture that they accelerate the affection of muscle tissue and motoneurons. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2007

Polymer–colloid complexes based on cationic imidazolium amphiphile, polyacrylic acid and dna decamer

The solution behavior and physicochemical characteristics of polymer–colloid complexes based on cationic imidazolium amphiphile with a dodecyl tail (IA-12) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) or DNA decamer (oligonucleotide) were evaluated using tensiometry, conductometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering and fluorescent spectroscopy and microscopy. It has been established that PAA addition to the surfactant system resulted in a ca. 200-fold decrease in the aggregation threshold of IA-12, with the hydrodynamic diameter of complexes ranging within 100–150 nm. Electrostatic forces are assumed to be the main driving force in the formation of IA-12/PAA complexes. Factors influencing the efficacy of the complexation of IA-12 with oligonucleotide were determined. The nonconventional mode of binding with the involvement of hydrophobic interactions and the intercalation mechanism is probably responsible for the IA-12/oligonucleotide complexation, and a minor contribution of electrostatic forces occurred. The latter was supported by zeta potential measurements and the gel electrophoresis technique, which demonstrated the low degree of charge neutralization of the complexes. Importantly, cellular uptake of the IA-12/oligonucleotide complex was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry data on the example of M-HeLa cells. While single IA-12 samples exhibit roughly similar cytotoxicity, IA-12–oligonucleotide complexes show a selective effect toward M-HeLa cells (IC50 1.1 µM) compared to Chang liver cells (IC50 23.1 µM)

Ubiquinone plasma levels are correlated with brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels in patients with chronic heart failure: The potential of coenzyme q10 combined therapy [Povezanost plazma nivoa ubihinona sa nivoem moždanog natriuretskog peptida kod pacijenata sa hronicnom bolešcu srca: Efekti kombinovane terapije koenzimom Q10]

Despite the association of a worse HF-related clinical status with lower CoQ10 levels, the prognostic use of CoQ10 is controversial. The aim of this study is to optimize pharmacotherapy for patients with ischaemic CHF, based on the clinical and functional parameters of the heart and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels, which are correlated with the CoQ10 plasma levels, and to assess patient prognosis after receiving CoQ10 therapy. This prospective clinical study included 75 patients aged 56 to 63 years old with coronary heart disease (CHD) classified as class I–III according to the NYHA classification. After assessment of the clinical-instrumental characteristics of the CVD course (complaints, medical history, physical examination, a 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, and test for reactive hyperaemia), we determined the BNP level and CoQ10 plasma levels. At the same time, we assessed the efficacy of CoQ10 treatment (at a dose of 60 mg/per day) and tolerability in CVD-combined therapy during a follow-up of 12 weeks. CoQ10 supplementation in HF patients induced improvements in their functional cardiac parameters, such as the ejection fraction. Our results suggest that supplemental CoQ10 may be a useful option for effective management of heart failure and warrant future adequately powered randomized controlled trials of CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF. © 2018, University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science. All rights reserved

Ubiquinone Plasma Levels are Correlated with Brain Natriuretic Peptide Plasma Levels in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: The Potential of Coenzyme Q10 Combined Therapy

Despite the association of a worse HF-related clinical status with lower CoQ10 levels, the prognostic use of CoQ10 is controversial. The aim of this study is to optimize pharmacotherapy for patients with ischaemic CHF, based on the clinical and functional parameters of the heart and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels, which are correlated with the CoQ10 plasma levels, and to assess patient prognosis after receiving CoQ10 therapy. This prospective clinical study included 75 patients aged 56 to 63 years old with coronary heart disease (CHD) classified as class I–III according to the NYHA classification. After assessment of the clinical-instrumental characteristics of the CVD course (complaints, medical history, physical examination, a 6-minute walk test, echocardiography, and test for reactive hyperaemia), we determined the BNP level and CoQ10 plasma levels. At the same time, we assessed the efficacy of CoQ10 treatment (at a dose of 60 mg/per day) and tolerability in CVD-combined therapy during a follow-up of 12 weeks. CoQ10 supplementation in HF patients induced improvements in their functional cardiac parameters, such as the ejection fraction. Our results suggest that supplemental CoQ10 may be a useful option for effective management of heart failure and warrant future adequately powered randomized controlled trials of CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF