Flavoring Agents Present In A Dentifrice Can Modify Volatile Sulphur Compounds (vscs) Formation In Morning Bad Breath

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a flavor-containing dentifrice on the formation of volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in morning bad breath. A two-step, blinded, crossover, randomized study was carried out in 50 dental students with a healthy periodontium divided into two experimental groups: flavor-containing dentifrice (test) and non-flavor-containing dentifrice (control). The volunteers received the designated dentifrice and a new toothbrush for a 3 X/day brushing regimen for 2 periods of 30 days. A seven-day washout interval was used between the periods. The assessed parameters were: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), organoleptic breath scores (ORG), VSC levels (as measured by a portable sulphide monitor) before (H1) and after (H2) cleaning of the tongue, tongue coating (TC) wet weight and BANA test from TC samples. The intra-group analysis showed a decrease in ORG, from 3 to 2, after 30 days for the test group (p 0.05). These findings suggest that a flavor-containing dentifrice seems to prevent VSCs formation in morning bad breath regardless of the amount of TC in periodontally healthy subjects.223252257Lee, C.H., Kho, H.S., Chung, S.C., Lee, S.W., Kim, Y.K., The relationship between volatile sulfur compounds and major halitosis-inducing factors (2003) J Periodontol, 74 (1), pp. 32-37Goldberg, S., Kozlovsky, D., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Sintov, A., Rosenberg, M., Cadaverine as a putative component of oral malodor (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (6), pp. 1168-1172Persson, S., Edlund, M.B., Claesson, R., Carlsson, J., The formation of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria (1990) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 5 (4), pp. 195-201Sharma, N.C., Galustians, H.J., Qaqish, J., The clinical effectiveness of a dentifrice containing triclosan and a copolymer for controlling breath odor measured organoleptically twelve hours after toothbrushing (1999) J Clin Dent, 10 (4), pp. 131-134Faveri, M., Hayacibara, M.F., Pupio, G.C., Cury, J.A., Tsuzuki, C.O., Hayacibara, R.M., A cross-over study on the effect of various therapeutic approaches to morning breath odor (2006) J Clin Periodontol, 33 (8), pp. 555-560Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A.G., Measurements of oral mal-odor: Current methods and future prospects (1992) J Periodontol, 63 (9), pp. 776-782Nogueira-Filho, G.R., Duarte, P.M., Toledo, S., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Cury, J.A., Effect of triclosan dentifrices on mouth volatile sulphur compounds and dental plaque trypsin-like activity during experimental gingivitis development (2002) J Clin Periodontol, 29 (12), pp. 1059-1064Niles, H.P., Miller, S., Gaffar, A., Mouth odor reduction by a sodium bicarbonate dentifrice (1993) J Dent Res, 72 (4), pp. 249-252Brunette, D.M., Proskin, H.M., Nelson, B.J., The effects of dentifrice systems on oral malodor (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (3), pp. 76-82Gerlach, R.W., Hyde, J.D., Poore, C.L., Stevens, D.P., Witt, J.J., Breath effects of three marketed dentifrices: A comparative study evaluating single and cumulative use (1998) J Clin Dent, 9 (4), pp. 83-88Bowen, W.H., The significance of toothpaste in oral hygiene (1992) Embery G, Rölla G. Clinical and Biological Aspects of Dentifrices, pp. 9-16. , Oxford University Press: New York;Davis, W.B., The function of toothpaste components (1981) The Windsor Seminar on toothpaste standards with special emphasis on abrasion, , Jorgensen KD, editor, Council of Public Health, Danish Dental Association;Ainamo, J., Bay, I., Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque (1975) Int Dent J, 25 (4), pp. 229-235Kozlovsky, A., Gordon, D., Gelernter, I., Loesche, W.J., Rosenberg, M., Correlation between the BANA test and oral malodor parameters (1994) J Dent Res, 73 (5), pp. 1036-1042Rosenberg, M., Kulkarni, G.V., Bosy, A., McCulloch, C.A., Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor (1991) J Dent Res, 70 (11), pp. 1436-1440Loesche, W.J., Bretz, W.A., Lopatin, D., Stoll, J., Rau, C.F., Hillenburg, K.L., Multi-center clinical evaluation of a chairside method for detecting certain periodontopathic bacteria in periodontal disease (1990) J Periodontol, 61 (3), pp. 189-196Loesche, W.J., Kazor, C., Microbiology and treatment of halitosis (2002) Periodontol 2000, 28 (1), pp. 256-279Ayres M, Ayres M Jr, Ayres DL, Dos Santos AS. BioEstat 2.0: Aplicações estatísticas nas áreas das Ciências Biológicas e Médicas. Belém: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, Brasília: CNPq2000Pedrazzi, V., Sato, S., Mattos, M.G.C., Lara, E.H.G., Panzeri, H., Tongue-cleaning methods: A comparative clinical trial employing a toothbrush and a tongue scraper (2004) J Periodontol, 75 (7), pp. 1009-1012Bosy, A., Kulkarni, G.V., Rosenberg, M., McCulloch, C.A., Relationship of oral malodor to periodontitis: Evidence of independence in discrete subpopulations (1994) J Periodontol, 65 (1), pp. 37-46De Boever, E.H., Loesche, W.J., Assessing contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor (1995) J Am Dent Assoc, 126 (10), pp. 1384-1393Miyazaki, H., Sakao, S., Katoh, Y., Takehara, T., Correlation between volatile sulfur-containing compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population (1995) J Periodontol, 66 (8), pp. 679-684Yaegaki, K., Sanada, K., Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease (1992) J Periodontal Res, 27 (4 PART 1), pp. 233-238Morris, P.P., Read, R.R., Halitosis: Variations in mouth and total breath odor intensity resulting from prophylaxis (1949) J Dent Res, 28 (3), pp. 324-33

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

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Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

Search for the Zγ decay mode of new high-mass resonances in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This letter presents a search for narrow, high-mass resonances in the Zγ final state with the Z boson decaying into a pair of electrons or muons. The √s = 13 TeV pp collision data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider and have an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. The data are found to be in agreement with the Standard Model background expectation. Upper limits are set on the resonance production cross section times the decay branching ratio into Zγ. For spin-0 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion, the observed limits at 95% confidence level vary between 65.5 fb and 0.6 fb, while for spin-2 resonances produced via gluon–gluon fusion (or quark–antiquark initial states) limits vary between 77.4 (76.1) fb and 0.6 (0.5) fb, for the mass range from 220 GeV to 3400 GeV