The revelation of the quark-gluon plasma in the inelastic collisions of the primary cosmic protons with air nucleus at energies 3-6 TeV in the center mass system

The five-fold decrease with increasing energy in the observed ratio between the observed energy in the cores of air showers and the total number of electrons in these showers suggests a large dissipation of the primary energy in a shower as the observed number of electrons exceeds 106. The apparent existence of events wherein thousands of pions of 3–6 GeV are generated in the colliding nucleon-nucleon c.m. system, suggests the formation of a “united gluon field”, without quarks, in the c.m. system of the colliding nucleons and its subsequent hadronization upon expansion, including passing through a quark-gluon plasma

Alignment in Gamma-Hadron Families of Cosmic Rays

Alignment of main fluxes of energy in a target plane is found in families of cosmic ray particles detected in deep lead X-ray chambers. The fraction of events with alignment is unexpectedly large for families with high energy and large number of hadrons. This can be considered as evidence for the existence of coplanar scattering of secondary particles in interaction of particles with superhigh energy, $E_0 > 10^{16}$ eV. Data analysis suggests that production of most aligned groups occurs low above the chamber and is characterized by a coplanar scattering and quasiscaling spectrum of secondaries in the fragmentation region. The most elaborated hypothesis for explanation of alignment is related to the quark-gluon string rupture. However, the problem of theoretical interpretation of our results still remains open.Comment: 15 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures (not included), Stanford University preprint SU-ITP-94-2

Very high energy gamma-quanta 1–65 TeV from the Cygnus X-3 binary

The results of almost ten-year observation of Cygnus X-3 point source by SHALON mirror Cherenkov telescope are presented. The galactic source Cygnus X-3, known for more than 10 years as a source with variable intensity 0.8TeV ) = (6.8 ± 0.7) • 10−13cm−2s−1. The flux in 2003 was (1.79 ± 0.33) • 10−12cm−2s−1. Earlier, in 1997, an increase in the flux was also observed (1.2 ± 0.5) • 10−12cm−2s−1. The limits on gamma-rays from Cygnus X-3, the source that results stimulated the construction of many new detectors are presented. These upper limits and SHALON fluxes are now more than a factor 100 less than the fluxes originally reported

TeV gamma-ray emission from binaries: 2129+47XR and Cygnus X-3

International audienceThe new galactic gamma-source (neutron star) 2129+47XR is detected at energy >0.8 TeV with flux (0.19±0.09)x10^-12 cm^2s^-1 and indices of the integral spectra are kγ=−1.12±0.06, kON=−1.28±0.07 and kOff=−1.73±0.07. The results of ten-year observation of galactic source Cygnus X-3 by SHALON mirror Cherenkov telescope are discussed. The gamma -quantum spectra and images of the sources are presented. The Cygnus X-3 binary, known for more than 20 years as a source with variable intensity have been regularly observed since a 1995. The the increase of gamma-quantum flux was observed in 1997 and 2003 years