30 research outputs found
Magnetic Field Amplification in Galaxy Clusters and its Simulation
We review the present theoretical and numerical understanding of magnetic
field amplification in cosmic large-scale structure, on length scales of galaxy
clusters and beyond. Structure formation drives compression and turbulence,
which amplify tiny magnetic seed fields to the microGauss values that are
observed in the intracluster medium. This process is intimately connected to
the properties of turbulence and the microphysics of the intra-cluster medium.
Additional roles are played by merger induced shocks that sweep through the
intra-cluster medium and motions induced by sloshing cool cores. The accurate
simulation of magnetic field amplification in clusters still poses a serious
challenge for simulations of cosmological structure formation. We review the
current literature on cosmological simulations that include magnetic fields and
outline theoretical as well as numerical challenges.Comment: 60 pages, 19 Figure
Bilateral suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block versus palatal block for cleft palate repair in children: A randomized controlled trial
From the History of Russian Computer Science
International audienceThis article includes a few passages from the History of Computer Science relating to the events of the middle of the last century. The first part of this article contains a short biography of Norbert Wiener, who is considered to be one of the fathers of modern computer science. This part pays particular attention to Norbert Wienerâs visit to Moscow in the summer of 1960. The other parts of the article focus on life and work of Aleksey Lyapunov, Leonid Kantorovich and Andrey Ershov. The outstanding professional achievements of these Russian scientists, as well as their moral perfection, can set an example for modern students and young professionals