Magnetic Field Generation in Stars

Enormous progress has been made on observing stellar magnetism in stars from the main sequence through to compact objects. Recent data have thrown into sharper relief the vexed question of the origin of stellar magnetic fields, which remains one of the main unanswered questions in astrophysics. In this chapter we review recent work in this area of research. In particular, we look at the fossil field hypothesis which links magnetism in compact stars to magnetism in main sequence and pre-main sequence stars and we consider why its feasibility has now been questioned particularly in the context of highly magnetic white dwarfs. We also review the fossil versus dynamo debate in the context of neutron stars and the roles played by key physical processes such as buoyancy, helicity, and superfluid turbulence,in the generation and stability of neutron star fields. Independent information on the internal magnetic field of neutron stars will come from future gravitational wave detections. Thus we maybe at the dawn of a new era of exciting discoveries in compact star magnetism driven by the opening of a new, non-electromagnetic observational window. We also review recent advances in the theory and computation of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence as it applies to stellar magnetism and dynamo theory. These advances offer insight into the action of stellar dynamos as well as processes whichcontrol the diffusive magnetic flux transport in stars.Comment: 41 pages, 7 figures. Invited review chapter on on magnetic field generation in stars to appear in Space Science Reviews, Springe

Status of child population health — the future of the country (part 1)

The article of the team of scientists of pediatricians and organizers of pediatric health care of Ukraine is devoted to the study of the main trends in the health status of children over last 22 years. The results of the analysis of the incidence and prevalence of diseases among Ukrainian child population, infant mortality rates over the past two decades demonstrates that they remain significantly higher than the average European indicators against the background of a progressive decrease in the number of child population at 3,16 million people. The prevalence of childhood diseases in Ukraine over past 22 years has grown by 41 %, the incidence of childhood diseases arose by 36 %. The article considers the ways of solving a number of new social and medico-ecological problems that negatively affect child health

Child health status — the future of the country (part 2)

The article deals with the problems of increasing the incidence and prevalence of childhood diseases during 1994–2016 against the background of a global reduction in the staffing of children’s specialists by 1.7 times, with an extremely inadequate supply of the regions of the South-East, Donetsk and Luhansk regions. All of this has a negative impact on the proper medical care of the child population, including the detection of childhood diseases. The authors substantiate the need to restore the personnel and material-technical potential of the pediatric service, the development of modern diagnostic and treatment technologies, the preservation of immunization and the prevention of disability of common childhood diseases that is an important component of the national health care and safety system of the country as a whole