609 research outputs found
New method for the 3D Ising model
A simple, general and practically exact method is developed for the
equilibrium properties of the macroscopic physical systems with translational
symmetry. Applied to the Ising model in two and three dimension, a modest
calculation gives the spontaneous magnetization and the specific heat to less
than 1% error
Depinning with dynamic stress overshoots: A hybrid of critical and pseudohysteretic behavior
A model of an elastic manifold driven through a random medium by an applied
force F is studied focussing on the effects of inertia and elastic waves, in
particular {\it stress overshoots} in which motion of one segment of the
manifold causes a temporary stress on its neighboring segments in addition to
the static stress. Such stress overshoots decrease the critical force for
depinning and make the depinning transition hysteretic. We find that the steady
state velocity of the moving phase is nevertheless history independent and the
critical behavior as the force is decreased is in the same universality class
as in the absence of stress overshoots: the dissipative limit which has been
studied analytically. To reach this conclusion, finite-size scaling analyses of
a variety of quantities have been supplemented by heuristic arguments.
If the force is increased slowly from zero, the spectrum of avalanche sizes
that occurs appears to be quite different from the dissipative limit. After
stopping from the moving phase, the restarting involves both fractal and
bubble-like nucleation. Hysteresis loops can be understood in terms of a
depletion layer caused by the stress overshoots, but surprisingly, in the limit
of very large samples the hysteresis loops vanish. We argue that, although
there can be striking differences over a wide range of length scales, the
universality class governing this pseudohysteresis is again that of the
dissipative limit. Consequences of this picture for the statistics and dynamics
of earthquakes on geological faults are briefly discussed.Comment: 43 pages, 57 figures (yes, that's a five followed by a seven), revte
Crossover from 2-dimensional to 1-dimensional collective pinning in NbSe3
We have fabricated NbSe structures with widths comparable to the
Fukuyama-Lee-Rice phase-coherence length. For samples already in the
2-dimensional pinning limit, we observe a crossover from 2-dimensional to
1-dimensional collective pinning when the crystal width is less than 1.6
m, corresponding to the phase-coherence length in this direction. Our
results show that surface pinning is negligible in our samples, and provide a
means to probe the dynamics of single domains giving access to a new regime in
charge-density wave physics.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, and 1 table. Accepted for publication in Physical
Review
New insights into landslide processes around volcanic islands from Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) observations offshore Montserrat
Submarine landslide deposits have been mapped around many volcanic islands, but interpretations of their structure, composition, and emplacement are hindered by the challenges of investigating deposits directly. Here we report on detailed observations of four landslide deposits around Montserrat collected by Remotely Operated Vehicles, integrating direct imagery and sampling with sediment core and geophysical data. These complementary approaches enable a more comprehensive view of large-scale mass-wasting processes around island-arc volcanoes than has been achievable previously. The most recent landslide occurred at 11.5–14 ka (Deposit 1; 1.7 km3) and formed a radially spreading hummocky deposit that is morphologically similar to many subaerial debris-avalanche deposits. Hummocks comprise angular lava and hydrothermally altered fragments, implying a deep-seated, central subaerial collapse, inferred to have removed a major proportion of lavas from an eruptive period that now has little representation in the subaerial volcanic record. A larger landslide (Deposit 2; 10 km3) occurred at ∼130 ka and transported intact fragments of the volcanic edifice, up to 900 m across and over 100 m high. These fragments were rafted within the landslide, and are best exposed near the margins of the deposit. The largest block preserves a primary stratigraphy of subaerial volcanic breccias, of which the lower parts are encased in hemipelagic mud eroded from the seafloor. Landslide deposits south of Montserrat (Deposits 3 and 5) indicate the wide variety of debris-avalanche source lithologies around volcanic islands. Deposit 5 originated on the shallow submerged shelf, rather than the terrestrial volcanic edifice, and is dominated by carbonate debris
Extension to order of the high-temperature expansions for the spin-1/2 Ising model on the simple-cubic and the body-centered-cubic lattices
Using a renormalized linked-cluster-expansion method, we have extended to
order the high-temperature series for the susceptibility
and the second-moment correlation length of the spin-1/2 Ising models on
the sc and the bcc lattices. A study of these expansions yields updated direct
estimates of universal parameters, such as exponents and amplitude ratios,
which characterize the critical behavior of and . Our best
estimates for the inverse critical temperatures are
and . For the
susceptibility exponent we get and for the correlation
length exponent we get .
The ratio of the critical amplitudes of above and below the critical
temperature is estimated to be . The analogous ratio for
is estimated to be . For the correction-to-scaling
amplitude ratio we obtain .Comment: Misprints corrected, 8 pages, latex, no figure
Adaptive cluster expansion for the inverse Ising problem: convergence, algorithm and tests
We present a procedure to solve the inverse Ising problem, that is to find
the interactions between a set of binary variables from the measure of their
equilibrium correlations. The method consists in constructing and selecting
specific clusters of variables, based on their contributions to the
cross-entropy of the Ising model. Small contributions are discarded to avoid
overfitting and to make the computation tractable. The properties of the
cluster expansion and its performances on synthetic data are studied. To make
the implementation easier we give the pseudo-code of the algorithm.Comment: Paper submitted to Journal of Statistical Physic
Bonding, Moment Formation, and Magnetic Interactions in Ca14MnBi11 and Ba14MnBi11
The ``14-1-11'' phase compounds based on magnetic Mn ions and typified by
Ca14MnBi11 and Ba14MnBi11 show unusual magnetic behavior, but the large number
(104) of atoms in the primitive cell has precluded any previous full electronic
structure study. Using an efficient, local orbital based method within the
local spin density approximation to study the electronic structure, we find a
gap between a bonding valence band complex and an antibonding conduction band
continuum. The bonding bands lack one electron per formula unit of being
filled, making them low carrier density p-type metals. The hole resides in the
MnBi4 tetrahedral unit and partially compensates the high spin d^5 Mn moment,
leaving a net spin near 4 \mu_B that is consistent with experiment. These
manganites are composed of two disjoint but interpenetrating `jungle gym'
networks of spin 4/2 MnBi4^{9-} units with ferromagnetic interactions within
the same network, and weaker couplings between the networks whose sign and
magnitude is sensitive to materials parameters. Ca14MnBi11 is calculated to be
ferromagnetic as observed, while for Ba14MnBi11 (which is antiferromagnetic)
the ferro- and antiferromagnetic states are calculated to be essentially
degenerate. The band structure of the ferromagnetic states is very close to
half metallic.Comment: 17 pages, containing 10 postscript figures and 5 tables. Two
additional figures (Fig.8 and 11 of the paper) are provided in JPG format in
separate files. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B on September 20th 200
More is the Same; Phase Transitions and Mean Field Theories
This paper looks at the early theory of phase transitions. It considers a
group of related concepts derived from condensed matter and statistical
physics. The key technical ideas here go under the names of "singularity",
"order parameter", "mean field theory", and "variational method".
In a less technical vein, the question here is how can matter, ordinary
matter, support a diversity of forms. We see this diversity each time we
observe ice in contact with liquid water or see water vapor, "steam", come up
from a pot of heated water. Different phases can be qualitatively different in
that walking on ice is well within human capacity, but walking on liquid water
is proverbially forbidden to ordinary humans. These differences have been
apparent to humankind for millennia, but only brought within the domain of
scientific understanding since the 1880s.
A phase transition is a change from one behavior to another. A first order
phase transition involves a discontinuous jump in a some statistical variable
of the system. The discontinuous property is called the order parameter. Each
phase transitions has its own order parameter that range over a tremendous
variety of physical properties. These properties include the density of a
liquid gas transition, the magnetization in a ferromagnet, the size of a
connected cluster in a percolation transition, and a condensate wave function
in a superfluid or superconductor. A continuous transition occurs when that
jump approaches zero. This note is about statistical mechanics and the
development of mean field theory as a basis for a partial understanding of this
phenomenon.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
Critical exponents and equation of state of the three-dimensional Heisenberg universality class
We improve the theoretical estimates of the critical exponents for the
three-dimensional Heisenberg universality class. We find gamma=1.3960(9),
nu=0.7112(5), eta=0.0375(5), alpha=-0.1336(15), beta=0.3689(3), and
delta=4.783(3). We consider an improved lattice phi^4 Hamiltonian with
suppressed leading scaling corrections. Our results are obtained by combining
Monte Carlo simulations based on finite-size scaling methods and
high-temperature expansions. The critical exponents are computed from
high-temperature expansions specialized to the phi^4 improved model. By the
same technique we determine the coefficients of the small-magnetization
expansion of the equation of state. This expansion is extended analytically by
means of approximate parametric representations, obtaining the equation of
state in the whole critical region. We also determine a number of universal
amplitude ratios.Comment: 40 pages, final version. In publication in Phys. Rev.
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